Leishmaniasis in central and southern Tunisia: current geographical distribution of zymodemes

Haouas, Najoua; Gorcii, Mohamed; Chargui, Najla; Karim, Abdul; Bouratbine, A.; Akrout, F. Messaadi; Masmoudi, Abderrahmen; Zili, J.; Saïd, M. Ben; Pratlong, Francine; Dédet, J. P.; Mezhoud, Habib; Azaiez, R.; Babba, Hamouda

doi:10.1051/parasite/2007143239

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. infantum is mainly confined to the Northern part of the country. However, a spread to the center has recently been reported [40] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Epidemiological Situation and Control Measures In Na Countriesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review

2014

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In North African countries, cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission has been increasing since the 1980s, with a significant increase in the incidence of cases and a spread of the geographical distribution. The disease currently represents a major public health problem with a productivity gap and an impediment for development, which results in dramatic socioeconomic and psycho-sanitary impacts. The incidence is more than thousands of cases every year in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia. In Egypt, only a few dozen cases per year are reported, mainly in the Sinai Peninsula. Three Leishmania species, associated with distinct eco-epidemiological and clinical patterns, are involved, namely Leishmania infantum, L. major, and L. tropica. However, L. major is by far the most frequent in Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia, with more than 90% of the registered cases. It is mainly encountered in rural areas under semi-arid, arid and Saharan climates. Leishmania tropica is more prevalent in Morocco, reaching 30–40% of isolates in some districts. Much data is still missing concerning the risk factors of the infection and the lesion development, as well as vector and reservoir ecology and behavior. The knowledge of such parameters, following multidisciplinary and integrated approaches, is crucial for better management and control of the disease, that also faces a lack of resources and efficient control measures.

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“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. infantum is mainly confined to the Northern part of the country. However, a spread to the center has recently been reported [40] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Epidemiological Situation and Control Measures In Na Countriesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review

2014

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“…Indeed, all L. major strains obtained from humans, rodents and sandflies proved to be identical to the L. major MON 25 reference strain (Aoun et al, 2008 ;Ben Ismail et al, 1986;Haouas et al, 2007 ;Kallel et al, 2005). In contrast, at least three L. infantum zymodemes occur in Tunisia : i) the MON 1, mainly causing VL and to a lesser extent SCL ; ii) the MON 24, the most common agent of SCL, that also causes VL ; iii) the MON 80, which is very rarely isolated (Aoun et al, 1999(Aoun et al, , 2008Bel Hadj et al, 2000Gramiccia et al, 1991;Haouas et al, 2007). These findings show that a single zymodeme may cause quite different diseases; and raise the as yet poorly documented question of pathogenesis and virulence of strains in cause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All Leishmania strains isolated so far from humans, rodents and phlebotomine vectors are of the zymodeme MON 25 (Aoun et al, 2008;Ben Abda et al, 2009;Ben Ismail et al, 1986;Haouas et al, 2007). ZCL was first described in 1882 in and around Gafsa oases, and termed "clou de Gafsa" (Deperet & Bobinet, 1884).…”

Section: The Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Zcl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia: An Update on Emerging Epidemiological Trends

Mili¹,

Saghrouni²,

BenSaid³

et al. 2012

Current Topics in Tropical Medicine

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“…This species is dermotropic responsible for LCL which is a dermotropic species responsible for LCL and widespread in many Tunisian foci (Haouas et al 2007) and in the world. Their effects on the growth and morphology of the parasite were also studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of antileishmanial activity from marine sponge extracts collected off the Tunisian coast

et al. 2010

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The present study reports on the in vitro antileishmanial activity of two Ircinidae (Dictyoceratida, Demospongiae, Porifera) Ircinia spinosula and Sarcotragus sp. Sampled from the east coast of Tunisia. The ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts were tested against Leishmania major promastigotes. The anti-proliferative activity was checked using different extracts concentration during 72 h. We found that the IC50 (sub-inhibitory concentration) values ranged from 1.39 to 264.67 mug/ml. The most active extract was that from sarcotragus sp dichloromethane extract. Microscopic observations showed that the extracts promoted cellular alterations and induce enlargement of the nucleus and modification of the parasite shape. These promising results in relation with in vitro antileishmanial activity open the way for complementary investigation in order to purify and identify active molecules.

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Leishmaniasis in central and southern Tunisia: current geographical distribution of zymodemes

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review

Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia: An Update on Emerging Epidemiological Trends

Screening of antileishmanial activity from marine sponge extracts collected off the Tunisian coast

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