Leishmaniose tegumentar americana humana e canina no Município de Mariluz, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported in 2002 in Mariluz, northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. Of 38 humans who were investigated, four had healed lesions, ten showed lesions in the healing process, and 24 had active lesions. Of the 126 dogs, 20 (15.9%) presented suggestive lesions and 24 (19%) had positive serology. Parasites isolated from two patients and three dogs were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis serodeme I. The captured sand flies were identified as Nyssomyia whitmani, N. neivai, and Migonemyia migonei. Considering that the region where the cases occurred is similar to other old human settlements in Paraná State, the environmental alterations and remaining forests facilitate the maintenance of the parasite's enzootic cycle and transmission to humans and domestic animals, thereby maintaining the endemicity of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Phlebotomine sandflies fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) at rural settlements in the municipality of Cáceres, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…Still, we should consider that it is usual at transmission areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to have a destruction of primary forests with subsequent invasion of vectors into the peridomicile environment 20 .…”

Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in rural and urban environments in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Brazil

“…In this state, the majority of the cases have been concentrated in the northern areas since 1940 when an extensive clearing of native vegetation (dense and transitional tropical/subtropical forest) began (Teodoro et al 1991). More recently, the disease has been associated with areas of intense soybean, corn and sugar cane cultivation and pastures near vestigial forests (Lonardoni et al 2006).…”

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in humans and dogs from rural settlements in Northern Paraná State, Brazil

“…al. (2005 and Lonardoni et al (2006) who found, respectively, rates of 18.2%, 55.2% and 19% of positivity. These higher rates are justified by the fact that these authors have worked in endemic focus of ACL in humans (SILVEIRA et al, 1996b;ZANZARINI et al, 2005) or outbreak (LONARDONI et al, 2006).…”

“…The rural settlements are characterized by important environmental and population changes in relation to the region of its implantation and call attention as they can cause focus of ACL due to disordered occupation of the land and the felling of trees, whose forest is used in the construction of substandard housing, usually located at the margins of the forest (LONARDONI et al, 2006) The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the human population studied was 79.1% (171/216). This data lines up with other studies carried out in rural areas, such as the studies performed in the macro-region of Londrina, northern of Paraná State, by Barros et al (1993) (75%) and Garcia and Navarro (1995) Barros et al (1993) and Garcia et al (1999a).…”

“…Among the Leishmania species that cause disease in humans, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis is the most widespread in Paraná, and wild rodents indicated as probable reservoirs (BRASIL, 2007). Areas of rural settlements draw the attention, by causing environmental changes that can create risk factors in ACL focus, such as: household close to the forest, largest number of people in endemic areas, clearing of capons to build houses or even for land cultivation (LONARDONI et al, 2006).…”