Leisure time physical activity and risk of pneumonia mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis

Baseline physical activity and the risk of severe illness and mortality from COVID-19: A dose–response meta-analysis

“…The two-classification dose–response relationship explains the difference between exercise and nonexercise, and the multi-classification dose–response relationship explains the dose effect of increasing PA relative to low-dose PA. This result is the same as that by Lu et al (2022) , by Kunutsor et al (2022) on the mortality risk of general pneumonia, and by Rahmati et al (2022) on the severity and mortality analysis of COVID-19 ( Lu et al, 2022 , Kunutsor et al, 2022 , Rahmati et al, 2022 ). However, this study confirmed that the protective effect of different doses of PA against the risk of severe illness and mortality in patients with COVID-19 is significantly different.…”

“…The lack of adequate PA is associated with 6% to 10% of the major chronic diseases and a 9% higher risk of premature mortality worldwide ( Lee et al, 2012 ). As we all know, adequate PA can significantly reduce all-cause and disease-specific mortality (such as death from pneumonia) (Kyu et al, 2013; Lu et al, 2022 ). Studies have shown that PA significantly improves human immunity and protects against severe and infectious respiratory tract infections.…”