Leisure time physical activity during pregnancy and impact on gestational diabetes mellitus, pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery and birth weight: a review

Hegaard, Hanne Kristine; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund; Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun; Damm, Peter

doi:10.1080/00016340701647341

Cited by 144 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In contrast, however, a series of recent reports have linked pre-gravid physical activity with a reduced risk of GDM (6,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Although these reports have established this important association, it should be noted that neither the types of exercise nor the physiologic mechanisms underlying this protective effect have been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Pre‐gravid physical activity and reduced risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy: the role of insulin sensitivity

Retnakaran

Sermer

et al. 2009

Clinical Endocrinology

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Objective-Pre-gravid physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), although neither the types of exercise nor the physiologic mechanisms underlying this protective effect have been well studied. Thus, we sought to study the relationships between types of pre-gravid physical activity and metabolic parameters in pregnancy, including glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function.Design/Patients/Measurements-851 women underwent a glucose challenge test (GCT) and a 3-hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in late pregnancy, yielding 4 glucose tolerance groups: (i) GDM; (ii) gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT); (iii) abnormal GCT with normal glucose tolerance on OGTT (abnormal GCT NGT); and (iv) normal GCT with NGT on OGTT (normal GCT NGT). Pre-gravid physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, which measures (i) total physical activity and (ii) its 3 component domains: work, non-sport leisure-time, and vigorous/sports activity.Results-Glucose tolerance status improved across increasing quartiles of pre-gravid total physical activity (p=0.0244). Whereas neither work nor non-sport leisure-time activity differed between glucose tolerance groups, pre-gravid vigorous/sports activity was significantly higher in women with normal GCT NGT compared to women with (i) abnormal GCT NGT (p=0.0018), (ii) GIGT (p=0.0025), and (iii) GDM (p=0.0044). In particular, vigorous/sports activity correlated with insulin sensitivity (measured by IS OGTT ) (r=0.21,p<0.0001). Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis, pre-gravid vigorous/sports activity emerged as a significant independent predictor of IS OGTT in pregnancy (t=4.97,p<0.0001). CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author ManuscriptConclusions-Pre-gravid vigorous/sports activity is associated with a reduced risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy, an effect likely mediated by enhanced insulin sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Pre‐gravid physical activity and reduced risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy: the role of insulin sensitivity

Retnakaran

Sermer

et al. 2009

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…In a metaanalysis of 11 clinical studies Choi et al described significant effects of exercise and nutrition on gestation-associated weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women [12]. The prevalence of gestational diabetes in particular is higher among physically inactive and overweight women, and this is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and birth-related complications [2,13,14]. Excessive weight gain in obese pregnant women also increases the risk of premature birth [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise During Pregnancy – How Active Are Pregnant Women in Germany and How Well Informed?

Schmidt

Heilmann

Savelsberg

et al. 2017

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd

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ABSTR AC TIntroduction There is sufficient evidence showing the positive effects of physical exercise on various aspects of pregnancy. This study evaluates knowledge and status of physical exercise among pregnant women. MethodsThe standardised paper-pencil questionnaire "Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire" (PPAQ) as well as general demographic questions were used to assess the exercise behaviour of study participants. 83 questionnaires completed by women presenting to the Kiel University Hospital for antenatal assessment were included in the analysis.Results At the time of questionnaire completion 10 women were in the first trimester of pregnancy, 64 in the second, and 9 in the third. Just less than 90 % of participants felt they had been informed "sufficiently" on the topic physical exercise during pregnancy, over 50 % felt they were "well" or "very well" informed. Just less than half of participants received their information from a doctor (either their gynaecologist or general practitioner) and none of these felt "insufficiently" informed. Almost 80 % of participants reported still doing no sport or less exercise than before falling pregnant. The maximum proportional energy expenditure for recreational activity -just under 20 % -was in the third trimester. Women who felt they had been well counselled tended to have higher activity levels.Conclusion Study participants demonstrated a clear decline in physical exercise during pregnancy despite clear evidence of the benefits of regular exercise for pregnant women, and despite participants feeling they were well informed. Detailed information on the recommendations for physical exertion in pregnancy should form an integral part of antenatal counselling. ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEinleitung Die positiven Effekte einer körperlichen Aktivität

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“…Although shifting the occurrence of a large for gestational age baby to a normal range has benefits for maternal outcomes, elevated birth weight is not always observed and therefore cannot always be assumed in human studies or animal models of maternal over-nutrition. Indeed, birth weight data in the above mentioned studies [24][25][26][27] and our recent review of maternal high-fat feeding and offspring development show birth weight is often similar between offspring groups or in fact lower in offspring of obese mothers compared with controls. 28 A major limitation of human studies is the degree to which a mechanistic understanding may be achieved without invasive procedures in children.…”

Section: Maternal Obesity And/over-nutrition Predisposes Offspring Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing attention towards interventions that may be used to improve maternal health could, therefore, impact substantially on offspring health both in the short and long term. A number of early reviews, 19,[22][23][24][25] in addition to two recent studies, 26,27 have identified altering maternal carbohydrate intake as well as maternal physical activity levels as potential strategies for positively regulating maternal weight gain and offspring birth weight among other pregnancy outcomes. However, longitudinal studies that describe the potential long-term benefits of these interventions for offspring health are lacking.…”

Section: Maternal Obesity And/over-nutrition Predisposes Offspring Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal over-nutrition and offspring obesity predisposition: targets for preventative interventions

Rooney

Ozanne

2011

Int J Obes

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Obesity now represents one of the major health care issues of the 21st century. Its prevalence has increased exponentially in both the developed and developing world during the last couple of decades. Such a rapid rise can therefore not be explained by a change in genotype, but must result from environmental factors and their interaction with our genes. There is clear evidence to show that current environmental factors such as current diet and level of physical activity can influence our risk of obesity. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that factors acting during very early life can influence long-term energy balance. One such factor that is emerging as an important player is maternal obesity and/or over-nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. Early life may therefore represent a critical period during which intervention strategies could be developed to reduce the prevalence of obesity.

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Leisure time physical activity during pregnancy and impact on gestational diabetes mellitus, pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery and birth weight: a review

Abstract: Thus, it seems relevant that health authorities recommend 30 min of daily physical activity to healthy pregnant women.

Cited by 144 publications

References 65 publications

Pre‐gravid physical activity and reduced risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy: the role of insulin sensitivity

Pre‐gravid physical activity and reduced risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy: the role of insulin sensitivity

Physical Exercise During Pregnancy – How Active Are Pregnant Women in Germany and How Well Informed?

Maternal over-nutrition and offspring obesity predisposition: targets for preventative interventions

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