Leisure-Time Spent Sitting and Site-Specific Cancer Incidence in a Large U.S. Cohort

Patel, Alpa V.; Hildebrand, Janet S.; Campbell, Peter T.; Teras, Lauren R.; Craft, Lynette L.; McCullough, Marjorie L.; Gapstur, Susan M.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0237

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This null relationship is similar to that reported by Patel and colleagues in the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (Patel et al, 2015). Authors found that among men and women, sitting ≥6 hrs/day compared to <3 hrs/day during leisure time was not associated with colorectal cancer risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…To our knowledge, this is the first report of a potential interactive effect of physical activity and sedentary time on colorectal cancer risk. There is some evidence of an interactive effect from a study of total cancers, in which the adverse effect of sitting time on overall cancer risk varied by background level of physical activity (Patel et al, 2015). The notion that the protective effects of physical activity on cancer risk may be stronger among subgroups defined by sedentary activity is not without cause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing body of literature supporting the potential adverse health effects of sedentary behavior on colorectal cancer risk (Simons et al, 2013; Cong et al, 2014; Patel et al, 2015). To date, there have been no prospective studies conducted among Asian populations that have evaluated sedentary behavior as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, or as a modifier of the relationship between physical activity and colorectal cancer risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Eaglehouse

Koh²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective Singapore has experienced a dramatic increase in colorectal cancer incidence over the past 40 years. Evidence from prospective studies in Western Europe and the U.S. suggest that low physical activity and high amounts of sedentary time are associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study is to evaluate these relationships among an Asian population. Methods The Singapore Chinese Health Study enrolled 63,257 adults between 1993 and 1998. At enrollment, participants reported past year physical activity and time spent sitting. Incident colorectal cancers (n=1,994) were identified through December 31, 2014. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential confounders. Results Any strenuous-vigorous or moderate physical activity was reported by 13.7% and 22.1% of the cohort, respectively. Strenuous-vigorous physical activity was associated with statistically significant reduced colorectal cancer risk (HR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.99 for ≥ ½ hr/week versus none) but moderate was not. In analysis stratified by time spent watching television, an inverse relationship between moderate physical activity and colorectal cancer risk (HR=0.86; 95% CI: 0.72 1.01 for ≥ ½ hr/week versus none) was observed for those who reported ≥3 hrs/day sitting watching television (P interaction = 0.042). Conclusions Participation in strenuous-vigorous physical activity, such as jogging, swimming, or heavy manual labor was associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk among Singapore Chinese. Further research on physical activity and sedentary behaviors, independently and in combination, and colorectal cancer risk in Asian populations is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Eaglehouse

Koh²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Reductions in sedentary behavior are recommended for cancer reduction and improvement in overall mortality [54]. In fact, in a recent large U.S. cancer prevention cohort study led by the American Cancer Society, even after adjusting for physical activity and BMI, increased leisure-time spent sitting (≥6 hours) was associated with a higher risk of total cancer incidence in women, not men, and specifically with multiple myeloma, breast and ovarian cancers [55]. Sedentary behavior is becoming even more commonplace in our modern society, where less physical activity is required and increased sitting is the norm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Education Strategies for Cancer Prevention in Women’s Health

Liu

Segura

Hagemann

2015

Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep

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Obesity is the cause of up to one-third of all cancers affecting women today, most notably endometrial, colon and breast cancer. Women’s health providers are poised to advise women on obesity’s link to cancer development, but often lack resources or training to provide appropriate counseling. Here, we review obesity’s role in increasing the risk of several common reproductive system conditions faced by women, including polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility, gynecologic surgical complications, and pregnancy complications. These events can be used as teachable moments to help frame the discussion of weight management and promote cancer prevention. We also review national guidelines and existing tangible weight-loss strategies that can be employed within the outpatient women’s health setting to help women achieve weight loss goals and affect cancer prevention.

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“…Another study focused solely on breast cancer and indicated that > 7-h walking per week reduced the risk for breast cancer by 14% [5]. Conversely, longer leisure time spent sitting was associated with a higher incidence of breast cancer, multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer in women [6]. However, the biochemical changes that underlie these beneficial effects on the incidence of various cancer types are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S levels in healthy female subjects

et al. 2017

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Background Circulating cathepsin S (CS) has been associated with a lower risk for breast cancer in a large Swedish cohort. Long-term physical activity has been shown to have beneficial effects on the development of various cancer subtypes, in particular breast and colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term endurance sport on CS levels in females. Material and methods Thirty-six of 40 subjects completed the study. Subjects were told to increase their activity pensum for 8 months reaching 150 min/week moderate or 75 min/week intense exercise. Ergometries were performed at the beginning and the end of the study to prove/quantify the performance gain. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and every 2 months. Serum CS levels were measured by ELISA. To analyse the change and the progression of CS, Wilcoxon rank sum and Friedman tests were used. Results The sportive group (performance gain by > 4.9%) showed a significant increase of CS levels from 3.32/2.73/ 4.09 to 4.00/3.09/5.04 ng/ml (p = 0.008) corresponding to an increase of 20.5%. Conclusions We could show a significant increase of circulating CS levels in healthy female subjects induced by long-term physical activity. CS, occurring in the tumour microenvironment, is well-known to promote tumour growth, e.g. by ameliorating angiogenesis. However, the role of circulating CS in cancer growth is not clear. As physical activity is known as preventive intervention, in particular concerning breast and colorectal cancers, and long-term physical activity leads to an increase of CS levels in female subjects, circulating CS might even be involved in this protective effect. Trial registration Clinical trial registration: NCT02097199

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Leisure-Time Spent Sitting and Site-Specific Cancer Incidence in a Large U.S. Cohort

Cited by 51 publications

References 48 publications

Physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of colorectal cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Obesity Education Strategies for Cancer Prevention in Women’s Health

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S levels in healthy female subjects

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