LEMMA-ADC: the linear error mechanism modelling algorithm applied to A/D-converters

Carroll, Brian; Wegener, Carsten; Kennedy, Michael Peter

doi:10.1049/cp:19990483

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…By introducing a random error of ±10% to the DCS calculated, such data were treated as 'experimental results'. Using a GA [165], we looked for the set of a i that would give best fit to the 'experimental' DCS. The fitness function is defined to be the mean square error of the 'experimental' DCS and the DCS calculated from the parametrized model potential.…”

Section: Retrieving Atomic Structure Parameters From Hati Spectra Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong-field rescattering physics—self-imaging of a molecule by its own electrons

Lin

Chen

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

280

320

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When an atom or molecule is exposed to a short intense laser pulse, electrons that were removed at an earlier time may be driven back by the oscillating electric field of the laser to recollide with the parent ion, to incur processes like high-order harmonic generation (HHG), high-energy above-threshold ionization (HATI) and nonsequential double ionization (NSDI). Over the years, a rescattering model (the three-step model) has been used to understand these strong field phenomena qualitatively, but not quantitatively. Recently we have established such a quantitative rescattering (QRS) theory. According to QRS, the yields for HHG, HATI and NSDI can be expressed as the product of a returning electron wave packet with various field-free electron-ion scattering cross sections, namely photo-recombination, elastic electron scattering and electron-impact ionization, respectively. The validity of QRS is first demonstrated by comparing with accurate numerical results from solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) for atoms. It is then applied to atoms and molecules to explain recent experimental data. According to QRS, accurate field-free electron scattering and photoionization cross sections can be obtained from the HATI and HHG spectra, respectively. These cross sections are the conventional tools for studying the structure of a molecule; thus, QRS serves to provide the required theoretical foundation for the self-imaging of a molecule in strong fields by its own electrons. Since infrared lasers of duration of a few femtoseconds are readily available today, these results imply that they are suitable for probing the dynamics of molecules with temporal resolutions of a few femtoseconds.

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Section: Retrieving Atomic Structure Parameters From Hati Spectra Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong-field rescattering physics—self-imaging of a molecule by its own electrons

Lin

Chen

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

280

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The number of bits was set to N=12 and the offset and gain errors were adjusted to 500 ppm or 1000 ppm, respectively. Fig.3 and The verification of linearity in the sense of error scaling [7] is shown in Fig.5. It is interesting to note that the shape of the linearity difference in case b) corresponds to an equivalent error mechanism of additive nature present in the ADC model and/or virtual testing environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It could be shown that the greater the gain or offset error is, the greater is also the integral nonlinearity [7]. For further simulation purpose, the gain and offset errors are expressed in ppm.…”

Section: Subject and Methods Of Servo-loop Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virtual A/D Converter Testbench for Educational Purpose — Development and Results

Struhovsky¹,

Subrt²,

Hospodka³

et al. 2008

Measurement Science Review

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This paper deals with a new concept of virtual testing engine for analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs). The whole system consists of program procedures to extract the most important ADC errors expressed in terms of integral and differential non-linearity (INL and DNL). The developed testbench is especially suitable for educational purpose because of modular conception of the system. The proposed testing engine is implemented in Maple™, bringing an ideal possibility to make a complex system for the simulations of ADC at the virtual level as well as at the circuit level. The system is a part of a complex environment using the Servo-loop and the Histogram method, combining their features so as to obtain high level of versatility. However, in this paper we concentrate only on the results from the Servo-loop method. The Servo-loop solution proposed here employs an effective search algorithm and improves convergence properties resulting in a significant reduction of the simulation time.

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“…The optimization problem was solved with different sets of weight vectors, as described in Table S2 in the Supporting Information. Initially, the parameters of the genetic algorithm were population size (100), generations (166), creep mutation (0.04), jump mutation (0.01), and uniform crossover (0.5) . Also, elitism and niching were considered with equal weights for both surrogate models ( C LA and Y LA ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, elitism and niching were considered with equal weights for both surrogate models ( C LA and Y LA ). The tuning procedure of the parameters of the genetic algorithm considered a two-level fractional factorial design (2 5 ) to explore the search space to identify the most relevant parameters that maximize C LA and Y LA .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of the Conversion of Sugarcane Molasses to Levulinic Acid: Reaction Optimization and Techno-Economic Analysis

Lopes

Silva

Nascimento

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The levulinic acid chemical platform is still unfeasible due to the lack of a cost-competitive process. Therefore, this work investigates the conversion of sugarcane molasses to levulinic acid. A design of experiments was used to optimize temperature, sulfuric acid loading in aqueous solution, and the ratio of sulfuric acid solution to sugarcane molasses via a genetic algorithm-based multiobjective optimization. Optimized results indicated that a yield of levulinic acid of 83.8 mol % is attainable with a concentration of 129 g L −1 . Based on these optimized conditions, a biorefinery was simulated to produce sugar, ethanol, electricity, and levulinic acid (all sugarcane molasses converted to levulinic acid). A techno-economic analysis of the simulation results showed that an internal rate of return of 33.1% is attainable at the current market price of levulinic acid, and the calculated minimum selling price of levulinic acid ($0.679 kg −1 ) indicates that many other applications might be possible for this renewable chemical. Overall, the results showed that using sugarcane molasses in the production of levulinic acid is both cost-competitive and technically feasible.

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LEMMA-ADC: the linear error mechanism modelling algorithm applied to A/D-converters

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Strong-field rescattering physics—self-imaging of a molecule by its own electrons

Strong-field rescattering physics—self-imaging of a molecule by its own electrons

A Virtual A/D Converter Testbench for Educational Purpose — Development and Results

Feasibility of the Conversion of Sugarcane Molasses to Levulinic Acid: Reaction Optimization and Techno-Economic Analysis

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