Lemon‐juice Therapy: The Control of Life‐threatening Rumination in a Six‐month‐old Infant1

Sajwaj, Thomas; Libet, Julian; Agras, W. Stewart

doi:10.1901/jaba.1974.7-557

Cited by 145 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because punishment is rarely used in the absence of reinforcement, applied research on punishment has focused almost exclusively on either (a) the combined effects of punishment and reinforcement or (b) the additive effects of punishment when reinforcement (usually combined with extinction) alone failed to produce therapeutic behavior change. In the few studies in which punishment was examined as the sole independent variable (e.g., Dorsey, Iwata, Ong, & McSween, 1980;Jordan, Singh, & Repp, 1989;Sajwaj, Libet, & Agras, 1974), the additive effects of reinforcement were not evaluated. Thus, the extent to which reinforcement enhances the effects of punishment remains largely an unexplored issue in applied behavior analysis.…”

Section: Rachel H Thompson Brian a Iwata Juliet Conners And Eilementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Reinforcement for Alternative Behavior During Punishment of Self‐injury

Thompson

Iwata

Conners

et al. 1999

J of App Behav Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of variables influence the effectiveness of punishment and may determine the extent to which less intrusive forms of punishment may be used as alternatives to more intrusive interventions. For example, it has been suggested that response suppression during punishment may be facilitated if reinforcement is concurrently available for an alternative response. However, results of basic research demonstrating this finding have not been replicated with interventions more commonly prescribed as treatments for problem behavior. We evaluated the effects of relatively benign punishment procedures (reprimands or brief manual restraint) on the self‐injurious behavior of 4 individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation, when access to reinforcement for alternative behavior (manipulation of leisure materials) was and was not available. In all cases, punishment produced greater response suppression when reinforcement for an alternative response was available.

show abstract

Section: Rachel H Thompson Brian a Iwata Juliet Conners And Eilementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Reinforcement for Alternative Behavior During Punishment of Self‐injury

Thompson

Iwata

Conners

et al. 1999

J of App Behav Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1972]. Others have reported that the injection of lemon juice into the mouth can be substituted for electric shock in the treatment of the infant ruminator [Sajwaj et al, 1974;Becker, et al, 1978], In cases requiring less immediate results, the mentally retarded have also been treated using extinction procedures [ Wolfet al, 1965], positive practice and restitution [Azrin and Wesolowski, 1975], forced vomiting [Spergel, 1975] and overcorrection [Duker and Seys, 1977], In adult patients of normal intelligence, the methods described above are generally less applicable; fortunately, there has been no shortage of alternatives suggested. Since all of the reports to date are single cases, it is difficult to make many generalizations.…”

Section: Vomitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofeedback and Behavioral Approaches to Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Latimer

1981

Psychother Psychosom

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The greatest success has been found using methods based on operant condition- (Birnbrauer, 1968;Corte et al, 1971;Dorsey, Iwata, Ong, & McSween, 1980;Sajwaj, Libet, & Agras, 1974;Tanner & Zeiler, 1975). However, due to concerns regarding the appropriate and safe use of "restrictive" or "intrusive" treatments (e.g., ACFMR, 1971), it has been recommended that punishment be limited to those situations in which other interventions have failed (May, Risley, Twardosz, Friedman, Bijou, Wexler et al, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Functional Analysis of Self‐injury

Iwata¹,

Dorsey²,

Slifer³

et al. 1994

J of App Behav Analysis

2,345

2,051

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study describes the use of an operant methodology to assess functional relationships between self-injury and specific environmental events. The self-injurious behaviors of nine developmentally disabled subjects were observed during periods of brief, repeated exposure to a series of analogue conditions. Each condition differed along one or more of the following dimensions: (1) play materials (present vs absent), (2) experimenter demands (high vs low), and (3) social attention (absent vs noncontingent vs contingent). Results showed a great deal of both between and within-subject variability. However, in six of the nine subjects, higher levels ofself-injury were consistently associated with a specific stimulus condition, suggesting that within-subject variability was a function of distinct features of the social and/or physical environment. These data are discussed in light of previously suggested hypotheses for the motivation of self-injury, with particular emphasis on their implications for the selection of suitable treatments.The description, incidence and damaging effects of self-injury, as well as numerous attempts to control it, have been repeatedly documented in the literature. Self-injury is a bizarre and often chronic form of aberrant behavior, the etiology of which is at best poorly understood. It poses serious risks to those who engage in the behavior, and it represents a formidable challenge to those who are responsible for treating it.Most of the research on self-injury over the past 15 years has focused on discovering means for its effective elimination. The greatest success has been found using methods based on operant condition-

show abstract

Lemon‐juice Therapy: The Control of Life‐threatening Rumination in a Six‐month‐old Infant1

Cited by 145 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Reinforcement for Alternative Behavior During Punishment of Self‐injury

Effects of Reinforcement for Alternative Behavior During Punishment of Self‐injury

Biofeedback and Behavioral Approaches to Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Toward a Functional Analysis of Self‐injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About