Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Flexuosus Steud.) wats treated textile: A control measure against vector-borne diseases

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases are one of the major threats to human health. The long-term use of synthetic repellents has made mosquitoes resistant to them leading to search for novel methods of mosquito control. In the present study, we have developed a low cost, safe and effective formulation to impart mosquito larvicidal and antibacterial effect using essential oils. Oil in water nanoemulsion of three different oils: Lemongrass (cymbopogon flexuosus steud.) wats (CF) oil, Eucalyptus oil (EO) and Chrysnathemum Indicum were prepared using high shear homogenization of the organic with the aqueous phase in presence of surfactant. The oil biocomponents were studied using GCMS. An experimental study of oil in water nanoemulsion preparation, process optimization and stability based on the required size distribution and accelerated stability was performed with surfactant oil ratio (SOR), stirring time and speed as the variables for nanoemulsion preparation. The storage stability of the nanoemulsion was also studied in terms of particle size, pH, viscosity and zeta potential at room temperature and refrigeration temperature for a period of 6 months. The optimized emulsion was also tested for its mosquito larvicidal effect against both the susceptible and resistant species of mosquitoes. The antimicrobial efficacy of the emulsion was also assessed.In the present study, nylon net fabric was treated with Cymbopogon flexuosus (CF) oil nanoemulsion by depositing polyelectrolyte multilayers through the layer by layer (LBL) technique. The nanoemulsion was characterized for particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, pH and Poly Dispersity Index. Mosquito antennal response to pure CF oil and its nanoemulsion was noted. The application technique was optimized for the concentration of nanoemulsion used and the number of polymeric layers applied. The treated samples were tested against mosquito bioassays, microbial growth and fragrance retention. Wash durability of the treated samples was also analysed. GCMS and SEM analysis of the treated and washed samples was done to ensure the presence of active ingredient and finish on the fabric. The fabrics showed good mosquito repellency, fragrance retention and antimicrobial efficacy even after 25 washes, though the percentage mortality dropped. The repellent and anti-microbial fabrics developed may provide a safe, environment-friendly and effective alternative to the chemical-based repellents for achieving protection against mosquito bites.

Laser Light Treatment of Seeds for Improving the Biomass Photosynthesis, Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Lemongrass Sprouts

“…Additionally, essential oils from Cymbopogon Flexuosus Steud. were utilized in the control of some vector-borne diseases [47].…”

Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Tanaman Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes sp.

“…Berdasarkan penelitian di Mumbai India tahun 2019, penggunaan insektisida sintetis dalam jangka panjang telah membuat nyamuk kebal, sehingga diperlukan metode pengendalian vektor yang baru. 10 Dalam upaya untuk mengurangi efek samping dari penggunaan insektisida kimia untuk membunuh stadium larva, diperlukan alternatif lain yang lebih aman dan ekonomis serta tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan manusia. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi dampak negatif ini adalah pemanfaatan insektisida organik yang menggunakan senyawa alami atau berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, seperti halnya penggunaaan ekstrak tanaman serai (Cymbopogon citratus) yang bersumber dari tumbuhan, sebagai inovasi insektisida alami organik yang keampuhannya telah diteliti oleh karena adanya beberapa kandungan bahan aktif.…”

Potential use of lemongrass essential oil as fungicide against Aspergillus brasiliensis and as post-harvest protectant of wheat

“…Considering that the essential oil of C. flexuosus showed antifungal activity against A. brasiliensis and its major component is citral, accounting for 72% of its composition, in vitro tests with citral were carried out to assess whether the growth of the fungus is inhibited by this component, as described below. According Bhatt and Kale (2019), the antimicrobial activity of essential oil is directly dependent on its chemical composition.…”

“…It produces colonies that are white, dark brown, and later change to black, and the optimal temperature for its growth and sporulation is 37 ºC. To control fungal contamination in foods, alternative measures to synthetic pesticides have been sought using natural agents such as essential oils that cause no environmental pollution, side effects and are safe for human use (Bhatt & Kale, 2019) Among the essential-oil producing species from several regions of Brazil, lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steudel) Watson] is widely known and used. Native to India, lemongrass is a perennial aromatic herb grown to obtain its essential oil, which is rich in citral, a substance used by the perfumery, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries (May et al, 2008).…”