Length of Stay, Hospital Costs and Mortality Associated With Comorbidity According to the Charlson Comorbidity Index in Immobile Patients After Ischemic Stroke in China: A National Study

Abstract

Background: In this study, we examined the length of stay (LoS)-predictive comorbidities, hospital costs-predictive comorbidities, and mortality-predictive comorbidities in immobile ischemic stroke (IS) patients; second, we used the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to assess the association between comorbidity and the LoS and hospitalization costs of stroke; third, we assessed the magnitude of excess IS mortality related to comorbidities. Methods: Between November 2015 and July 2017, 5114 patients hospitalized for IS in 25 general hospitals from six provinces in eastern, western, and central China were evaluated. LoS was the period from the date of admission to the date of discharge or date of death. Costs were collected from the hospital information system (HIS) after the enrolled patients were discharged or died in hospital. The HIS belongs to the hospital's financial system, which records all the expenses of the patient during the hospital stay. Cause of death was recorded in the HIS for 90 days after admission regardless of whether death occurred before or after discharge. Using the CCI, a comorbidity index was categorized as zero, one, two, and three or more CCI diseases. A generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and a log link was used to assess the association of LoS and hospital costs with the comorbidity index. Kaplan-Meier survival curves was used to examine overall survival rates. Results: We found that 55.2% of IS patients had a comorbidity. Prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (21.7%) and diabetes without end-organ damage (18.8%) were the major comorbidities. A high CCI=3+ score was an effective predictor of a high risk of longer LoS and death compared with a low CCI score; and CCI=2 score and CCI=3+ score were efficient predictors of a high risk of elevated hospital costs. Specifically, the most notable LoS-specific comorbidities, and cost-specific comorbidities was dementia, while the most notable mortality-specific comorbidities was moderate or severe renal disease. Conclusion: CCI has significant predictive value for clinical outcomes in IS. Due to population aging, the CCI should be used to identify, monitor and manage chronic comorbidities among immobile IS populations.

Nutritional Status According to the Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) and Clinical Characteristics as Predictors of Length of Stay, Mortality, and Readmissions Among Older Inpatients in China: A National Study

“…The following outcomes were measured: death (record all-cause mortality within 90 days, which consists of in-hospital deaths), LoS (duration of hospitalization) ( 38 ), and nonelective readmission (second and subsequent hospitalizations during the period analyzed) during the 90 days following discharge.…”

The associations of age, sex, and comorbidities with survival of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: data from 4014 patients from a tertiary-center registry

“…Unfavorable disease course has been especially associated with chronic metabolic comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia, and obesity ( 2 - 7 ). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), a summary measure of comorbidities validated as a prognostic tool in a number of chronic and malignant diseases ( 8 , 9 ), has also been associated with an adverse COVID-19 clinical course ( 10 - 15 ).…”

Evaluation of the functional state and mobility of patients after stroke depending on their cognitive state

“…Also, Tornes et al showed that dementia in uences the patient's acute hospital length of stay 29 . According to Liu et al, dementia was the most notable length of stay-speci c and cost-speci c comorbidities among patients after stroke 30 .…”