Length Reduction of Larval Yellow Perch and Freshwater Amphipods in RNA<i>later</i> Solution

Foley, Carolyn; Ryan, Daniel J.; Höök, Tomas O.

doi:10.1577/m10-035.1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…With larvae, as with eggs, we assumed shrinkage to be proportional (Foley et al. ). To evaluate maternal effects on larval survival and starvation resistance using only yolk‐sac energy reserves, we placed an additional randomly selected 20 larvae from each female into a 3.79 l tank filled with well water that was treated and sand‐column filtered to remove >90% of all particles larger than 5 μ m in diameter, and therefore contained no potential prey (R. Rode, personal communication).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic variability of maternal effects in an iteroparous fish

Andree

Feiner

Bledsoe

et al. 2014

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Maternal effects have been observed to interact with genotypic and environmental influences to structure offspring phenotypes across a wide variety of taxa. In fishes, maternal effects may be especially important due to their potential influence on development and survival during early ontogeny -a period with high potential for population regulation. While previous studies have confirmed that maternal effects on offspring phenotype are common in fishes, the consistency with which they positively affect offspring fitness throughout early ontogeny remains largely unknown. We examined maternal effects on offspring fitness by quantifying relationships between maternal (length, mass and age), egg (diameter, mass and density) and larval traits (length, yolk-sac volume and survival) in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Consistent with several past studies, positive relationships among maternal and egg traits were evident. While egg mass was positively related to larval size at hatching, direct relationships between maternal and larval metrics were not apparent. Larval survival appeared to have two critical periods; in contrast with expectations, survival in the first 5 days posthatch was strongly negatively related to female size and age, while survival over the following 9 days was unrelated to maternal traits. Throughout the study, survival was positively related to yolk-sac volume. Our unexpected observation of a negative relationship between maternal size and age and initial larval survival indicates that maternal effects may not be consistent throughout larval ontogeny. In fact, maternal effects appear to be dynamic influences on offspring fitness, and may have complex effects on individual-and population-level reproductive success.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic variability of maternal effects in an iteroparous fish

Andree

Feiner

Bledsoe

et al. 2014

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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“…The copepods were counted and their viability checked before preserving them in RNAlater (Sigma). RNAlater can affect size (Foley et al, 2010), and the effect depends on the number of segments in the animal, i.e. the more segments, the larger effect.…”

Section: Measurements Of Egg Production Egg-hatching Success and Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification challenges copepod phenotypic plasticity

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Ocean acidification is challenging phenotypic plasticity of individuals and populations. Calanoid copepods (zooplankton) are shown to be fairly plastic against altered pH conditions, and laboratory studies indicate that transgenerational effects are one mechanism behind this plasticity. We studied phenotypic plasticity of the copepod Acartia sp. in the course of a pelagic, large-volume mesocosm study that was conducted to investigate ecosystem and biogeochemical responses to ocean acidification. We measured copepod egg production rate, egg-hatching success, adult female size and adult female antioxidant capacity (ORAC) as a function of acidification (fCO2 ∼  365–1231 µatm) and as a function of quantity and quality of their diet. We used an egg transplant experiment to reveal whether transgenerational effects can alleviate the possible negative effects of ocean acidification on offspring development. We found significant negative effects of ocean acidification on adult female size. In addition, we found signs of a possible threshold at high fCO2, above which adaptive maternal effects cannot alleviate the negative effects of acidification on egg-hatching and nauplii development. We did not find support for the hypothesis that insufficient food quantity (total particulate carbon < 55 µm) or quality (C : N) weakens the transgenerational effects. However, females with high-ORAC-produced eggs with high hatching success. Overall, these results indicate that Acartia sp. could be affected by projected near-future CO2 levels.

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“…RNAlater is a non-toxic supersaturated salt solution that would encourage strong leaching of water out of the organism. Other authors like Foley et al (2010) have observed that this medium damages calcified structures, such as otoliths, which are essential for studies on larval growth and ecology. However, this medium has important advantages for preserving organisms for nucleic acid analysis, partly because it effectively preserves both RNA and DNA without the need to freeze the organism (Gorokhova, 2005), making it especially useful in places where liquid nitrogen transport or freezing are not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in size of European hake larvae and conversion factors for different preservation mediums

Rodríguez-Fernández

Leal

Lago

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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The objective of this study was to determine how preservation methods affect the standard length (SL, mm) of European hake larvae. We used five fixative methods: (i) freezing in seawater at −20°C; (ii) RNAlater at −80°C; (iii) 4% borax‐buffered formalin; (iv) freezing with liquid nitrogen and (v) 95% ethanol. Standard length hake larvae were initially measured and individually fixed in each of the five fixatives. To evaluate the effect of the time preserved in each one, we obtained the SL of larvae for a second time after three different preservation periods: 15, 44 and 91 days. To assess the effect of initial size on final shrinkage, we analysed two groups of larvae born in captivity, 15 and 24 days post hatching respectively. Most shrinkage occurred within the first period of preservation in all fixatives, the preservation time having no effect on the percentage of shrinkage for any preservative. However, initial SL affects the percentage of shrinkage depending on the fixative used. We suggest five correlation equations to convert an initial SL into a final contracted size of hake larvae for each fixative.

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Length Reduction of Larval Yellow Perch and Freshwater Amphipods in RNAlater Solution

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Ontogenetic variability of maternal effects in an iteroparous fish

Ontogenetic variability of maternal effects in an iteroparous fish

Ocean acidification challenges copepod phenotypic plasticity

Changes in size of European hake larvae and conversion factors for different preservation mediums

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