“…Actinic mask inspection systems, on the other hand, mimic the operational conditions of the scanner by imaging at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. [3][4][5][6] Ptychography, a computational imaging method that images a sample by processing a series of diffraction patterns obtained by illuminating the object at overlapping probe positions, is a promising alternative to conventional actinic mask inspection methods, owing to its robustness, flexibility and relatively simple and lens-free optical design. 7,8 On the other hand, the need for a scanning illumination, the requirement for a large overlap among adjacent probe positions, the need to handle a significant volume of data, and the slow iterative phase retrieval process pose throughput challenges that need to be properly evaluated and addressed.…”