Lentinula edodes enhances the biocontrol activity of Cryptococcus laurentii against Penicillium expansum contamination and patulin production in apple fruits

Improvement in the effectiveness of Cryptococcus laurentii to control postharvest blue mold of pear by its culture in β-glucan amended nutrient broth

“…The detoxification of ROS is dependent on antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD . Antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT were closely correlated with the increased biocontrol efficacy, and an increase in these enzyme activities increases the tolerance to stress of the antagonistic yeasts, such as C. laurentii (Castoria et al, 2003;Tolaini et al, 2010), Debaryomyces hansenii , Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (Liu et al, 2011) and R. paludigenum (Lu et al, 2014). On the other hand, Herdeiro et al (2006) demonstrated that the unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes was one of the most important targets for ROS, leading to lipid peroxidation.…”

Effect of aqueous extracts of Mentha arvensis (mint) and Piper betle (betel) on growth and citrinin production from toxigenic Penicillium citrinum

“…The antioxidants were however ineffective in inhibiting the fungal growth (Mahoney et al 2010). Apart from aflatoxin, the plant derived antioxidants have inhibited the production of other mycotoxins as well such as Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol, Fusarenone (Chipley and Uraih 1980;Beekrum et al 2003;Fanelli et al 2004;Tolaini et al 2010). The published data about the effect of botanicals and their products; specially essential oil suggests mixed results as some of the botanicals like clove, star anise, allspices, cinnamon, garlic and carrot inhibited fungal growth as well as aflatoxin production proportional to the concentration used (Hitokoto et al 1980;Thanaboripat et al 1997;Tian et al 2011).…”

Biological Control of Patulin by Antagonistic Yeast: A case study and possible model

“…As established by previous studies, natural antioxidants from compounds have been considered for use in post-harvest control of fungi and inhibition of other mycotoxins including aflatoxin, ochratoxin (Reverberi et al, 2005;Ricelli et al, 2002) and PAT (Ricelli et al, 2007). Tolaini et al (2010) demonstrated that the application of Lentinula edodes (LS28) enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase that reduced the incidence of P. expansum in apples by approximately 50%. Previous studies have also indicated that the efficacy of the yeast such as C. laurentii is correlated with its level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT production, which enables the yeast to resist oxidative stress (Castoria et al, 2003(Castoria et al, , 2005.…”

“…Lentinula edodes yeast grows poorly in a highly oxidative environment (Tolaini et al, 2010) but Rhodotorula glutinis LS11 strain can reinforce its enzymatic antioxidant potential in a similar environment and thereby prevent PAT biosynthesis or degrade this mycotoxin (Castoria et al, 2008). Considering the experimental evidence, R. glutinis LS11 strain can resist extremely high concentrations of PAT (500 mg mL À1 ) and can metabolize this mycotoxin under aerobic conditions.…”

“…Among the causes (physiological disorders and mechanical damage) of post-harvest losses, pathogen attack is known to cause considerable extent of damage to their host (Tian & Chan, 2003). In the case of stored fruits, Penicillium expansum alone was estimated to cause between 70% and 80% of the decay (Viñas et al, 1993), and the possibility of PAT contamination is a challenging post-harvest problem (Barkai-Golan & Paster, 2011;Tolaini et al, 2010;Tournas & Uppal Memon, 2009).…”