LEONORE -- Large-Scale Provisioning of Resource-Constrained IoT Deployments

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are usually considered as external dependencies that only provide data, or process and execute simple instructions. Recently, IoT devices with embedded execution environments emerged that allow practitioners to deploy and execute custom application logic on the device. This approach fundamentally changes the overall process of designing, developing, deploying, and managing IoT systems. However, these devices exhibit significant differences in available execution environments, processing, and storage capabilities. To accommodate this diversity, a structured approach is needed to uniformly and transparently deploy application components onto a large number of heterogeneous devices. This is especially important in the context of current large-scale IoT systems, such as in the smart city domain. In this paper, we present LEONORE, a service oriented infrastructure that provides elastic provisioning of application components on resource-constrained and heterogeneous edge devices in large-scale IoT deployments. LEONORE supports push-based as well as pull-based deployments and we show that our solution is able to elastically provision large numbers of devices using a testbed based on a real-world industry scenario.

Ahab: A cloud‐based distributed big data analytics framework for the Internet of Things

“…We will investigate whether unsupervised machine learning techniques are suitable for autonomous improvements of application deployments. Furthermore, we will integrate and align Ahab with our work on software‐defined IoT systems in the smart city domain to create a comprehensive platform for smart city application engineering. Finally, to also address privacy and security requirements when dealing with big data, we plan to integrate recent approaches (e.g., ) in our framework's design.…”

Resource Management in Fog/Edge Computing

“…Studies by Vogler and Nastic et al [151], [152], [153] introduced middleware for IoT clouds. In these studies, softwaredefined IoT gateways (SDGs) are defined for encapsulating infrastructure resources in a container.…”

SDG-Pro: a programming framework for software-defined IoT cloud gateways

“…Although analysis of non-functional properties of the runtime mechanisms (e.g., regarding system's scale) is not the main focus of this paper, we refer interested reader to our previous work (e.g., [10,13]), where we partly show their performance.…”

“…To implement the monitoring behavior, developers only need to define an IntentScope (lines 2-4), in which they declare properties (e.g., metadata) that need to be satisfied by monitored vehicles, define a MonitorIntent and assign the desired scope to it (lines 5-7). Similarly, to implement a remote control behavior developers only need to define a ControlIntent (lines [12][13][14]. In this example, it is natural to use asynchronous communication (of sensory data), thus a developer uses SDG-Pro's notify directive (line 8), to subscribe for the state changes in the environment.…”

“…In lines 3-6 we show how developers can use the provisioning API to specify which custom resources are required in the gateway prototype. Further, this example show the most important parts related to gateways deployment, i.e., gateway instantiation from Docker-based Busybox prototype (lines 9,10), associating the configuration model with the prototype (line 11) and multiple deployment (lines 12,13).…”