Leopold Kirschner, Edward Sayers, and Neil Bruère: the initial descriptions of leptospirosis in New Zealand

Whitcombe, Elizabeth; Maze, Michael J.; Crump, John A.

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12946

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In New Zealand (part of Oceania), leptospirosis was first identified in both humans and animals in the 1950s [ 12 ]. Incidence peaked in 1971 to 30/100,000 with dairy farmers, meat workers and pig farmers identified as having high-risk occupations [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Epidemiology of Leptospira Serovars Notified in New Zealand, 1999–2017

et al. 2020

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Leptospirosis in New Zealand has been strongly associated with animal-contact occupations and with serovars Hardjo and Pomona. However, recent data suggest changes in these patterns, hence, serovar-specific epidemiology of leptospirosis from 1999 to 2017 was investigated. The 19-year average annual incidence is 2.01/100,000. Early (1999–2007) and late (2008–2017) study period comparisons showed a significant increase in notifications with serovar Ballum (IRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22–2.09) in all cases and serovar Tarassovi (IRR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.13–2.78) in Europeans and a decrease in notifications with serovars Hardjo and Pomona in all cases. Incidences of Ballum peaked in winter, Hardjo peaked in spring and Tarassovi peaked in summer. Incidence was highest in Māori (2.24/100,000) with dominant serovars being Hardjo and Pomona. Stratification by occupation showed meat workers had the highest incidence of Hardjo (57.29/100,000) and Pomona (45.32/100,000), farmers had the highest incidence of Ballum (11.09/100,000) and dairy farmers had the highest incidence of Tarassovi (12.59/100,000). Spatial analysis showed predominance of Hardjo and Pomona in Hawke’s Bay, Ballum in West Coast and Northland and Tarassovi in Waikato, Taranaki and Northland. This study highlights the serovar-specific heterogeneity of human leptospirosis in New Zealand that should be considered when developing control and prevention strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Epidemiology of Leptospira Serovars Notified in New Zealand, 1999–2017

et al. 2020

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“…We generated summary tables of abstracted data of serovar detections per animal host species and geographic area, grouped by serogroup. In addition to tables, we developed an online searchable database named for Dr. Leopold Kirschner [25,26], a prominent leptospirosis researcher who worked at the University of Otago. Data analyses were performed in R version 4.2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution of Leptospira serovar isolations and detections from animal host species: A systematic review and online database

Hagedoorn,

Maze,

Carugati

et al. 2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesLeptospira, the spirochaete causing leptospirosis, can be classified into >250 antigenically distinct serovars. Although knowledge of the animal host species and geographic distribution of Leptospira serovars is critical to understand the human and animal epidemiology of leptospirosis, current data are fragmented. We aimed to systematically review, the literature on animal host species and geographic distribution of Leptospira serovars to examine associations between serovars with animal host species and regions and to identify geographic regions in need of study.MethodsNine library databases were searched from inception through 9 March 2023 using keywords including Leptospira, animal, and a list of serovars. We sought reports of detection of Leptospira, from any animal, characterised by cross agglutinin absorption test, monoclonal antibody typing, serum factor analysis, or pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis to identify the serovar.ResultsWe included 409 reports, published from 1927 through 2022, yielding data on 154 Leptospira serovars. The reports included data from 66 (26.5%) of 249 countries. Detections were from 144 animal host species including 135 (93.8%) from the class Mammalia, 5 (3.5%) from Amphibia, 3 (2.1%) from Reptilia, and 1 (0.7%) from Arachnida. Across the animal host species, Leptospira serovars that were detected in the largest number of animal species included Grippotyphosa (n = 39), Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 29), Pomona (n = 28), Australis (n = 25), and Ballum (n = 25). Of serovars, 76 were detected in a single animal host species. We created an online database to identify animal host species for each serovar by country.ConclusionsWe found that many countries have few or no Leptospira serovars detected from animal host species and that many serovars were detected from a single animal species. Our study highlights the importance of efforts to identify animal host species of leptospirosis, especially in places with a high incidence of human leptospirosis. We provide an updated resource for leptospirosis researchers.

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“…We generated summary tables of abstracted data of serovar detections per animal host species and geographic area, grouped by serogroup. In addition to tables, we developed an online searchable database named for Dr. Leopold Kirschner,(26, 27) a prominent leptospirosis researcher who worked at the University of Otago. Data analyses were performed in R version 4.2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Abstractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution ofLeptospiraserovar isolations and detections from animal host species: a systematic review and online database

Hagedoorn,

Maze,

Carugati

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ObjectivesLeptospira,the spirochaete causing leptospirosis, can be classified into >250 antigenically distinct serovars. Although knowledge of the animal host species and geographic distribution ofLeptospiraserovars is critical to understand the human and animal epidemiology of leptospirosis, currently data are fragmented. We aimed to systematically review the literature on animal host species and geographic distribution ofLeptospiraserovars to examine associations between serovars with animal host species and regions, and to identify geographic regions in need of study.MethodsNine library databases were searched from inception through 9 March 2023 using keywords includingLeptospira, animal, and a list of serovars. We sought reports of detection ofLeptospira, from any animal, characterized by cross agglutinin absorption test, monoclonal antibody typing, serum factor analysis, or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to identify the serovar.ResultsWe included 409 reports, published from 1927 through 2022, yielding data on 154Leptospiraserovars. The reports included data from 66 (26.5%) of 249 countries. Detections were from 144 animal host species including 135 (93.8%) from the class Mammalia, 5 (3.5%) from Amphibia, 3 (2.1%) from Reptilia, and 1 (0.7%) from Arachnida. Across the animal host species,Leptospiraserovars that were detected in the largest number of animal species included Grippotyphosa (n=39), Icterohaemorrhagiae (n=29), Pomona (n=28), Australis (n=25), and Ballum (n=25). Of serovars, 76 were detected in a single animal host species. We created an online database to identify animal host species for each serovar by country.ConclusionsWe found that many countries have few or noLeptospiraserovars detected from animal host species and that many serovars were detected from a single animal species. Our study highlights the importance of efforts to identify animal host species of leptospirosis, especially in places with a high incidence of human leptospirosis. We provide an updated resource for leptospirosis researchers.

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Leopold Kirschner, Edward Sayers, and Neil Bruère: the initial descriptions of leptospirosis in New Zealand

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Diverse Epidemiology of Leptospira Serovars Notified in New Zealand, 1999–2017

Diverse Epidemiology of Leptospira Serovars Notified in New Zealand, 1999–2017

Global distribution of Leptospira serovar isolations and detections from animal host species: A systematic review and online database

Global distribution ofLeptospiraserovar isolations and detections from animal host species: a systematic review and online database

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