In our view Industry 4.0 is the adoption of new and innovative technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution by manufacturing firms. The term I4.0 itself highlights that manufacturing firms are forced to explore and then exploit the novel technologies. Nevertheless, even in its German origin (Die neue Hightech-Strategie Innovationen für Deutschland, 2014; Kagermann, Wahlster, Helbig, & Acatech, 2013) the I4.0 transformation BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF INDUSTRY 4.0 -A FRAMEWORK FOR THINKING WITH CASE ILLUSTRATION AZ IPAR 4.0 ÜZLETI ÉS TECHNOLÓGIAI VETÜLETEI -GONDOLKODÁSI KERET ESETTANULMÁNNYAL ILLUSZTRÁLVA KRISZTINA DEMETER -DÁVID LOSONCIIn the last couple of years, we have witnessed an exponentially increasing interest of academia and professionals towards Industry 4.0 (I4.0). By focusing on the firm level of I4.0, the authors propose a framework highlighting several technical (technologies and applications, design principles) and business (vision, impact on competitiveness, integration, types of innovation, maturity) perspectives of the phenomenon. Their goal is to clarify the most frequent perspectives and by using them build a thinking framework, making readers understand what I4.0 is about. While frameworks are usually elaborated on a conceptual basis, this paper illustrates the selected perspectives and their links by an in-depth case study. A factory's digital transformation interpreted in the framework emphasizes the importance of research design and context.