Leptin and camel milk abate oxidative stress status, genotoxicity induced in valproic acid rat model of autism

Abstract

The aspect of treatment of autistic behaviour was investigated using valproic acid rat model of pregnant female rats. Two main groups (10 male rats/group) were treated for 6 days and then divided into six subgroups. The first group of normal rats was divided into three subgroups: (A) – control group, (B) – treated with camel milk (CAM; 2 mL/p.o) and (C) – treated with leptin (1000 µg/kg i.p) twice daily. The second group of autistic rats was randomly distributed into four subgroups as follows: (D) – positive control (autistics rats), (E) – treated with CAM, (F) – treated with a moderate dose of leptin and (G) – treated with a higher dose of leptin. Autistic behaviours of male offspring were checked by grooming and elevated pulz maze tests. Valproic acid (VPA)-induced autistic rats showed severe changes in oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitters and inflammatory cytokines, besides genotoxic manifestation of expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Bax and caspase-3. Leptin or CAM alone showed no signs of toxicity. CAM showed pronounced improvement in control rats than control itself. Leptin or CAM treatment of autistic animals showed a significant improvement of all measured parameters and genetic expression values. The improvement was pronounced in animals treated with CAM. These results suggest that CAM is a potential therapeutic candidate for autism via regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Leptin plays an essential role in alleviation of autistic behaviour through antioxidant effects.

Leptin improves the in vitro development of preimplantation rabbit embryos under oxidative stress of cryopreservation

“…Our results also revealed an increase in the apoptotic proteins along with a decrease in the developmentally proteins due to the negative effects of vitrification treatment on rabbit embryos not previously treated with leptin ( Fig 3 ). In contrast, the positive effect of leptin on fresh embryos in the present study could be attributed to the antiapoptotic action of leptin via downregulation of P53 and MAP kinase pathways which consequently reduce genetic expression of apoptotic proteins like Caspase3, TNFα and BAX [ 43 , 60 , 61 ]. Furthermore, culture of embryos with leptin before vitrification ameliorated the reduction in the developmental biomarkers induced by the vitrification in the present study ( Fig 4B ).…”

“…Leptin was previously reported as antioxidant and free radical scavenger in a rat model suffer from oxidative stress [ 43 , 44 ]. There is only one study reported a positive effect of leptin on cryopreserved men sperm which was induced by the activation of certain antioxidant enzymes [ 45 ].…”

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry characterization of ubiquitous minor lipids and oligosaccharides in milk of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their inhibition of oxidative stress in human plasma

“…Badr et al (2017) presented similar properties of CM. Hamzawy et al (2018) also observed that CM abate oxidative stress (measured by the level of TBARS and activity of various antioxidant enzymes) in a rat model of autism. In addition, results of Meena et al (2016) have demonstrated that CM ameliorates oxidative damages in type-1 diabetic experimental rats.…”

The Protective Role of Prenatal Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation against Pancreatic Oxidative Damage in Offspring of Valproic Acid-Treated Rats: Histological and Molecular Study

“…These abnormalities occur due to defects in proliferation and differentiation in pancreatic cells during embryonic development [ 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, VPA is associated with the induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions including pancreatitis, and apoptosis [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”