Leptin and ghrelin dynamics: unraveling their influence on food intake, energy balance, and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Vijayashankar, Uma; Ramashetty, Rajalakshmi; Rajeshekara, Mahesh; Vishwanath, Nagashree; Yadav, Anshu Kumar; Prashant, Akila; Lokeshwaraiah, Rajeshwari

doi:10.1007/s40200-024-01418-2

J Diabetes Metab Disord

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01418-2

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Leptin and ghrelin dynamics: unraveling their influence on food intake, energy balance, and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Uma Vijayashankar,

Rajalakshmi Ramashetty,

Mahesh Rajeshekara

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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The effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

Alkatib,

Mijbas,

Meazher

et al. 2024

Mìžnarodnij endokrinologìčnij žurnal

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Background. It is unclear exactly how bariatric surgery affects the body’s metabolic and physiological functions. The purpose of the study was to assess the activity of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in obese individuals before and six months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Materials and methods. This study included 52 patients with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 35 to 56 kg/m2 who qualified for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and had completed data at the 6-month postoperative follow-up. All patients were clinically examined by a team of surgeons and a physician before operation. The serum levels of GH and IGF-1 were assessed pre- and post-operatively. Results. The study included 52 patients with obesity who were undergoing laparoscopic gastric sleeve surgery. Their mean age was 32.04 ± 6.90 years. More than half of the patients, 27 (51.9 %), were aged 19 to 32 years, 32 (61.5 %) patients were females, and 38 (73.1 %) had a BMI of 35–49.9 kg/m2. There was a significant increase in the serum GH after the sleeve gastrectomy compared to the pre-operative level (0.95 ± 0.30 vs 0.62 ± 0.40 ng/ml, p = 0.0001). IGF-1 also significantly increased after the surgery: 117.13 ± 32.40 vs 102.63 ± 33.90 ng/ml (p = 0.0001). Concerning BMI, there was no significant difference in the GH mean for patients with a BMI of 35–49.9 and 50–56 kg/m2 pre- and post-operatively: 0.6 vs 0.8 (p = 0.07) and 0.9 vs 1 (p = 0.5), respectively. On the other hand, IGF-1 exhibited a significant difference before and after surgery: 107.7 vs 88.9 ng/ml (p = 0.02) and 123.2 vs 100.7 (p = 0.03). Conclusions. This study concludes that sleeve gastrectomy significantly increases the serum level of both GH and IGF-1 and, consequently, their effects on disturbed lipid and protein metabolism in morbidly obese patients.

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The effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

Alkatib,

Mijbas,

Meazher

et al. 2024

Mìžnarodnij endokrinologìčnij žurnal

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PI3K/AKT signaling and neuroprotection in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

Liu,

Li,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Neural Regeneration Research

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It has been reported that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a key role In the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. As a result, the development of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has attracted increasing attention from researchers. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms and advancements in research related to the signaling pathways in ischemic stroke, with a focus on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The key findings include the following: (1) The complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke can be categorized into five major types: excitatory amino acid toxicity, Ca2+ overload, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. (2) The PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of ischemic stroke, which primarily involves the NF-kB, NRF2, BCL-2, mTOR, and endothelial NOS signaling pathways. (3) Natural products, including flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, phenols, terpenoids, and iridoids, show great potential as candidate substances for the development of innovative anti-stroke medications. (4) Recently, novel therapeutic techniques, such as electroacupuncture and mesenchymal stem cell therapy, have demonstrated the potential to improve stroke outcomes by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing new possibilities for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke. Future investigations should focus on the direct regulatory mechanisms of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and their clinical translation to develop innovative treatment strategies for ischemic stroke.

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Leptin and ghrelin dynamics: unraveling their influence on food intake, energy balance, and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 2 publications

References 158 publications

The effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

The effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

PI3K/AKT signaling and neuroprotection in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

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