Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance

Münzberg, Heike; Heymsfield, Steven B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09915-6_6

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In mammals, the recovery of leptin sensitivity was in parallel with the recovery of NPY/AgRP and POMC neurons' response to leptin actions ( 43 ). In addition, fasted mice with low cellular SOCS-3 levels enhanced greatly leptin-induced p-STAT3 signals ( 46 ). Based on these findings, 1-week fasting might have improved the leptin-induced p-STAT3 signals and made the exogenous leptin recover its actions in metabolic regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin Selectively Regulates Nutrients Metabolism in Nile Tilapia Fed on High Carbohydrate or High Fat Diet

Liu

Ning

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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Leptin is known to inhibit appetite and promote energy metabolism in vertebrates. Leptin resistance (LR) commonly occurs in diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mammals. However, the roles of leptin in the energy homeostasis in DIO animals with LR remain unclear. Here we first verified the high expression of leptin in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) as in liver in Nile tilapia. Furthermore, we produced two types of DIO Nile tilapia by using a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD), and confirmed the existence of LR in both models. Notably, we found that HCD-DIO fish retained leptin action in the activation of lipid metabolism and showed LR in glucose metabolism regulation, while this selective leptin action between lipid and glucose metabolism was reversed in HFD-DIO fish. Fasting the fish for 1 week completely recovered leptin actions in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, leptin may retain more of its activities in animals with LR than previously believed. Evolutionally, this selective regulation of leptin in nutrients metabolism could be an adaptive mechanism in animals to store surplus calories when different types of food are abundant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin Selectively Regulates Nutrients Metabolism in Nile Tilapia Fed on High Carbohydrate or High Fat Diet

Liu

Ning

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…In the current study leptin levels were also linked to structural organs (which included carcass weight) and reproductive organ mass. This was unsurprising given the multi-functional role of leptin in the regulation of energy balance, inflammation, reproduction and bone formation [ 88 ]. Leptin is a major inhibitor of bone mass accrual [ 89 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2015

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Limiting food intake attenuates many of the deleterious effects of aging, impacting upon healthspan and leading to an increased lifespan. Whether it is the overall restriction of calories (calorie restriction: CR) or the incidental reduction in macronutrients such as protein (protein restriction: PR) that mediate these effects is unclear. The impact of 3 month CR or PR, (10 to 40%), on C57BL/6 mice was compared to controls fed ad libitum. Reductions in circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were relative to the level of CR and individually associated with morphological changes but remained unchanged following PR. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved following CR but not affected by PR. There was no indication that CR had an effect on oxidative damage, however CR lowered antioxidant activity. No biomarkers of oxidative stress were altered by PR. CR significantly reduced levels of major urinary proteins suggesting lowered investment in reproduction. Results here support the idea that reduced adipokine levels, improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling and reduced reproductive investment play important roles in the beneficial effects of CR while, in the short-term, attenuation of oxidative damage is not applicable. None of the positive effects were replicated with PR.

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“…The leptin hormone inhibits the appetitestimulating effects of NPY and of agouti-related protein (AGRP) (Münzberg and Heymsfield, 2015). As observed in this study, the reduction of NPY1R expression by high energy intake suggests that it would make the hypothalamus less sensitive to NPY inhibition, enabling earlier onset of puberty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Effect of high energy intake on carcass composition and hypothalamic gene expression in Bos indicus heifers

et al. 2017

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high or low energy intake on carcass composition and expression of hypothalamic genes related to the onset of puberty. Twenty-four prepubertal Nellore heifers, 18-20-months-old, with 275.3±18.0 kg body weight (BW), and 4.9±0.2 (1-9 scale) body condition score (BCS) were randomly assigned to two treatments: high-energy diet (HE) and low-energy diet (LE). Heifers were housed in two collective pens and fed diets formulated to promote average daily gain of 0.4 (LE) or 1.2 kg (HE) BW/day. Eight heifers from each treatment were slaughtered after the first corpus luteum detection -considered as age of puberty. The 9-10-11th rib section was taken and prepared for carcass composition analyses. Samples from hypothalamus were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. Specific primers for targets (NPY, NPY1R, NPY4R, SOCS3, OXT, ARRB1, and IGFPB2) and control (RPL19 and RN18S1) genes were designed for real-time PCR and then the relative quantification of target gene expression was performed. High-energy diets increased body condition score, cold carcass weight, and Longissimus lumborum muscle area and decreased age at slaughter. High-energy diets decreased the expression of NPY1R and ARRB1 at 4.4-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. In conclusion, the hastening of puberty with high energy intake is related with greater body fatness and lesser hypothalamic expression of NPY1 receptor and of β-arrestin1, suggesting a less sensitive hypothalamus to the negative effects of NPY signaling.Key Words: cattle, energy supplementation, neuropeptides, puberty, reproduction Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance

Cited by 10 publications

References 92 publications

Leptin Selectively Regulates Nutrients Metabolism in Nile Tilapia Fed on High Carbohydrate or High Fat Diet

Leptin Selectively Regulates Nutrients Metabolism in Nile Tilapia Fed on High Carbohydrate or High Fat Diet

The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice

Effect of high energy intake on carcass composition and hypothalamic gene expression in Bos indicus heifers

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