Leptomonas seymouri Co-infection in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases Caused by Leishmania donovani From Himachal Pradesh, India

Thakur, Lovlesh; Kushwaha, Hemant R.; Negi, Ashish; Jain, Aklank; Jain, Manju

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00345

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…gerbilli , L . tarentolae ) Leishmania species to humans, and monoxenous kinetoplastids ( Leptomonas pyrrocoris , Leptomonas seymouri) that also could be opportunistic to Leishmania species in humans [ 76 – 78 ]. We attempted to cover different Leishmania taxa, geographical origins, hosts and diseases resulting in a representative set of DNAs of pathogenic Leishmania species in the OW; L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, we used sequences or strains belonging to a range of pathogenic, non-pathogenic (e.g. L. turanica, L. arabica, L. gerbilli, L. tarentolae) Leishmania species to humans, and monoxenous kinetoplastids (Leptomonas pyrrocoris, Leptomonas seymouri) that also could be opportunistic to Leishmania species in humans [76][77][78]. We attempted to cover different Leishmania taxa, geographical origins, hosts and diseases resulting in a representative set of DNAs of pathogenic Leishmania species in the OW; L. aethiopica and non-pathogenic Leishmania were represented each by a unique DNA.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dipeptidyl peptidase III as a DNA marker to investigate epidemiology and taxonomy of Old World Leishmania species

et al. 2021

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Background Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPPIII) member of M49 peptidase family is a zinc-dependent metallopeptidase that cleaves dipeptides sequentially from the N-terminus of its substrates. In Leishmania, DPPIII, was reported with other peptidases to play a significant role in parasites’ growth and survival. In a previous study, we used a coding sequence annotated as DPPIII to develop and evaluate a PCR assay that is specific to dermotropic Old World (OW) Leishmania species. Thus, our objective was to further assess use of this gene for Leishmania species identification and for phylogeny, and thus for diagnostic and molecular epidemiology studies of Old World Leishmania species. Methodology Orthologous DDPIII genes were searched in all Leishmania genomes and aligned to design PCR primers and identify relevant restriction enzymes. A PCR assays was developed and seventy-two Leishmania fragment sequences were analyzed using MEGA X genetics software to infer evolution and phylogenetic relationships of studied species and strains. A PCR-RFLP scheme was also designed and tested on 58 OW Leishmania strains belonging to 8 Leishmania species and evaluated on 75 human clinical skin samples. Findings Sequence analysis showed 478 variable sites (302 being parsimony informative). Test of natural selection (dN-dS) (-0.164, SE = 0.013) inferred a negative selection, characteristic of essential genes, corroborating the DPPIII importance for parasite survival. Inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity was used to develop universal amplification of a 662bp fragment. Sequence analyses and phylogenies confirmed occurrence of 6 clusters congruent to L. major, L. tropica, L. aethiopica, L. arabica, L. turanica, L. tarentolae species, and one to the L. infantum and L. donovani species complex. A PCR-RFLP algorithm for Leishmania species identification was designed using double digestions with HaeIII and KpnI and with SacI and PvuII endonucleases. Overall, this PCR-RFLP yielded distinct profiles for each of the species L. major, L. tropica, L. aethiopica, L. arabica and L. turanica and the L. (Sauroleishmania) L. tarentolae. The species L. donovani, and L. infantum shared the same profile except for strains of Indian origin. When tested on clinical samples, the DPPIII PCR showed sensitivities of 82.22% when compared to direct examination and was able to identify 84.78% of the positive samples. Conclusion The study demonstrates that DPPIII gene is suitable to detect and identify Leishmania species and to complement other molecular methods for leishmaniases diagnosis and epidemiology. Thus, it can contribute to evidence-based disease control and surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipeptidyl peptidase III as a DNA marker to investigate epidemiology and taxonomy of Old World Leishmania species

et al. 2021

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“…Site in human host. Skin, spleen, bone marrow (Ghosh et al 2012;Kraeva et al 2015;Thakur et al 2020) Notes. Human cases of L. seymouri to date have been found in Southeast Asia associated with co-infection with Leishmania donovani, suggesting incidental human infection after the bite of an infected sand fly vector.…”

Section: Genus Leptomonas Kent 1880mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Route of infection. Presumed introduction of promastigotes via the bite of infected Phlebotomus sand flies ( Ghosh et al 2012 ; Kraeva et al 2015 ; Thakur et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Checklist Of Eukaryotic Human Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

Mathison¹,

Sapp²

2021

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The classification of “parasites” in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.

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Leishmaniinae: Evolutionary inferences based on protein expression profiles (PhyloQuant) congruent with phylogenetic relationships among Leishmania, Endotrypanum, Porcisia, Zelonia, Crithidia, and Leptomonas

Mule,

Alemán,

Rosa‐Fernandes

et al. 2024

Proteomics

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Evolutionary relationships among parasites of the subfamily Leishmaniinae, which comprises pathogen agents of leishmaniasis, were inferred based on differential protein expression profiles from mass spectrometry‐based quantitative data using the PhyloQuant method. Evolutionary distances following identification and quantification of protein and peptide abundances using Proteome Discoverer and MaxQuant software were estimated for 11 species from six Leishmaniinae genera. Results clustered all dixenous species of the genus Leishmania, subgenera L. (Leishmania), L. (Viannia), and L. (Mundinia), sister to the dixenous species of genera Endotrypanum and Porcisia. Placed basal to the assemblage formed by all these parasites were the species of genera Zelonia, Crithidia, and Leptomonas, so far described as monoxenous of insects although eventually reported from humans. Inferences based on protein expression profiles were congruent with currently established phylogeny using DNA sequences. Our results reinforce PhyloQuant as a valuable approach to infer evolutionary relationships within Leishmaniinae, which is comprised of very tightly related trypanosomatids that are just beginning to be phylogenetically unraveled. In addition to evolutionary history, mapping of species‐specific protein expression is paramount to understand differences in infection processes, tissue tropisms, potential to jump from insects to vertebrates including humans, and targets for species‐specific diagnostic and drug development.

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Leptomonas seymouri Co-infection in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases Caused by Leishmania donovani From Himachal Pradesh, India

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Dipeptidyl peptidase III as a DNA marker to investigate epidemiology and taxonomy of Old World Leishmania species

Dipeptidyl peptidase III as a DNA marker to investigate epidemiology and taxonomy of Old World Leishmania species

An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

Leishmaniinae: Evolutionary inferences based on protein expression profiles (PhyloQuant) congruent with phylogenetic relationships among Leishmania, Endotrypanum, Porcisia, Zelonia, Crithidia, and Leptomonas

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