Leptospirosis in dogs and cats: epidemiology, clinical disease, zoonotic implications and prevention

Azócar-Aedo, Lucía; Hl, Smits; Monti, Gustavo

doi:10.4067/s0301-732x2014000300002

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Leptospirosis in dogs may be misdiagnosed because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations during the initial stages of illness and lack of early and definitive diagnostic tests . Until recently, veterinarians have had to rely on the outcome of laboratory tests for diagnosis of dogs clinically suspected to have leptospirosis, which further delays initiation of antibiotic treatment .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 3 Serological Tests for Early Detection Of Leptospira‐specific Antibodies in Experimentally Infected Dogs

Lizer

Velineni

Weber

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundLeptospirosis in dogs is a disease of global importance. Early detection and appropriate therapeutic intervention are necessary to resolve infection and prevent zoonotic transmission. However, its diagnosis is hindered by nonspecific clinical signs and lack of rapid diagnostic tests of early infection. Recently, 2 rapid point‐of‐care tests (WITNESS Lepto [WITNESS Lepto, Zoetis LLC, Kalamazoo, MI, USA] and SNAP Lepto [SNAP Lepto, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA]) for detection of Leptospira‐specific antibodies in canine sera were developed.HypothesisImmunoglobulin M‐based WITNESS Lepto containing multiple detection antigens can detect Leptospira‐specific antibodies to common leptospiral serovars earlier in the course of infection as compared to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and SNAP Lepto.AnimalsFour groups of 8 6‐ to 8‐month‐old male Beagle dogs were used.MethodsThirty‐two healthy seronegative dogs were inoculated experimentally with serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona (8 dogs/serovar). Acute‐phase sera were collected at regular intervals and monitored for Leptospira‐specific antibodies by WITNESS Lepto, MAT, and SNAP Lepto.ResultsSeroconversion was detected in all dogs by day 10 by WITNESS Lepto and in 30 of 32 dogs by day 14 by MAT. The SNAP Lepto test detected seroconversion in 3 dogs during the 2 weeks postchallenge.ConclusionsImmunoglobulin M‐based WITNESS Lepto detected immune responses specific to multiple leptospiral serovars early in the course of infection and identified seroconversion in all animals earlier than did the gold standard MAT. The SNAP Lepto test displayed considerably lower and inconsistent performance during the study period. At the point‐of‐care, WITNESS Lepto should be the test of choice for rapid and reliable screening of acutely ill dogs suspected to have leptospirosis.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 3 Serological Tests for Early Detection Of Leptospira‐specific Antibodies in Experimentally Infected Dogs

Lizer

Velineni

Weber

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Disease threats to endangered species tend to be overlooked in light of more apparent threats such as habitat destruction and poaching [72]. This study is the first to detect exposure of wild snow leopards to zoonotic pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Leptospira spp. are spirochaete bacteria that reside in the kidney tubules, with rodents being a significant reservoir for the bacteria, exhibiting no clinical signs of disease [71], however other mammals including cats have also been reported as reservoirs of the pathogen [72]. Leptospira interrogans Hardjo was the most common serovar in cattle and horses reported in two other provinces of Mongolia [32,73] and ten other serovars were identified in dogs in other provinces of Mongolia [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and zoonotic Infections of snow leopardsPanthera unicain the South Gobi desert of Mongolia

Esson

Skerratt

Berger

et al. 2019

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Background : Snow leopards, Panthera uncia , are a threatened apex predator, scattered across the mountains of Central and South Asia. Disease threats to wild snow leopards have not been investigated. Methods and Results : Between 2008 and 2015, twenty snow leopards in the South Gobi desert of Mongolia were captured and immobilised for health screening and radio-collaring. Blood samples and external parasites were collected for pathogen analyses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The animals showed no clinical signs of disease, however, serum antibodies to significant zoonotic pathogens were detected. These pathogens included, Coxiella burnetii , (25% prevalence), Leptospira spp., (20%), and Toxoplasma gondii (20%). Ticks collected from snow leopards contained potentially zoonotic bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Coxiella, Rickettsia, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus . Conclusions : The zoonotic pathogens identified in this study, in the short-term did not appear to cause illness in the snow leopards, but have caused illness in other wild felids. Therefore, surveillance for pathogens should be implemented to monitor for potential longer- term disease impacts on this snow leopard population.

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“…Los reservorios involucrados en la transmisión comprenden una diversidad de animales domésticos, como los cerdos, caballos, vacas, cabras, ovejas, perros y silvestres dentro de los que se destacan los roedores. Los gatos pueden ser hospedadores accidentales de varios serovares que prevalecen en dichos reservorios (4) . En cuanto a la transmisión ha sido sugerido que adquieren la infección principalmente durante el acto de cazar roedores infectados, más que por entrar en contacto con agua contaminada, por su natural aversión a la misma (5,6,1) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…En cuanto a la transmisión ha sido sugerido que adquieren la infección principalmente durante el acto de cazar roedores infectados, más que por entrar en contacto con agua contaminada, por su natural aversión a la misma (5,6,1) . Los animales sufren una colonización de los túbulos renales por las leptospiras que, posteriormente, son excretadas en la orina durante períodos variables (4,7,6) El rol de los felinos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) en la epidemiología de la leptospirosis ha recibido poca atención. Aunque existe evidencia serológica de exposición, la enfermedad clínica en estos animales es reportada muy raramente y se conoce muy poco acerca de su significancia en esta especie (5,8) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Possible clinical leptospirosis in two cats (Felis silvestris catus) from the south of the Santa Fe province

Yaafar

Prado

Favot

et al. 2019

Cienvet

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Leptospirosis in dogs and cats: epidemiology, clinical disease, zoonotic implications and prevention

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of 3 Serological Tests for Early Detection Of Leptospira‐specific Antibodies in Experimentally Infected Dogs

Evaluation of 3 Serological Tests for Early Detection Of Leptospira‐specific Antibodies in Experimentally Infected Dogs

Health and zoonotic Infections of snow leopardsPanthera unicain the South Gobi desert of Mongolia

Possible clinical leptospirosis in two cats (Felis silvestris catus) from the south of the Santa Fe province

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