Leptospirosis in Rodents and Mongooses on the Island of Hawaii

Minette, Henri P.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1964.13.826

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…16,17]. However, this study revealed further differences within, as well as between, serological and bacteriological tests.…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…However, this study revealed further differences within, as well as between, serological and bacteriological tests. The MAT, a frequently used serological test for diagnosing leptospiral infection [16], revealed fewer icterohaemorrhagiae seropositives than did the ELISA. The ELISA also detected antibodies to bratislava while the MAT failed to do so (Table 2).…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Prevalence ofLeptospiraspp. in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) on UK farms

1995

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SUMMARYWild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are frequently implicated in the carriage and spread ofLeptospira spp. Wild brown rats (n = 259) were trapped from 11 UK farms and tested for Leptospira spp. using a number of diagnostic tests. The prevalence of leptospiral infection was low, but there was variation in the results obtained with the different diagnostic tests. Estimates of prevalence ranged between 0% by silver-staining of tissues, 1 % by the microscopic agglutination test, 4 % by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 4 % by culture, and 8 % by fluorescent antibody technique. In total, 37 (14%) rats were positive by at least one of the tests, which contrasts with the frequently reported prevalences of 50-70% for wild rats in the UK. Serovar bratislava was as prevalent as icterohaemorrhagiae, although it was present only on farms with larger rat populations.

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“…16,17]. However, this study revealed further differences within, as well as between, serological and bacteriological tests.…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence ofLeptospiraspp. in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) on UK farms

1995

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“…The tropical climate in Hawaii, large areas of high rainfall, large number of mammalian reservoirs, popularity of freshwater-related recreational activities, along with the attention focused on disease detection and identification, all contribute to the higher reported case rates observed in Hawaii. Surveys of rats, mice, and mongooses on the island of Hawaii [38][39][40] and Oahu 41 have documented the enzootic presence of leptospirosis in both urban and rural settings. Prevalence among Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) has ranged from 33% to 61%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited animal trapping studies done on Maui have demonstrated serologic evidence of leptospirosis in both mongooses and rodents, 42 although Leptospira isolates from these animals have been rare (DOH, unpublished data). In addition, the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), which has been shown to be the animal vector in Hawaii with the highest rate of infection in past published reports, 38,41 has been infrequently recovered during rodent trapping efforts on Maui. 42 An earlier state-wide seroprevalence survey of blood donors revealed the lowest rates of infection from blood donors on Maui (DOH, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974-1998: epidemiologic analysis of 353 laboratory-confirmed cases.

Katz

Ansdell²,

Effler³

et al. 2002

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. The epidemiologic characterization of leptospirosis in the United States has been limited by difficulties associated with both case detection and confirmation. In addition, leptospirosis was eliminated from the list of National Notifiable Diseases in 1995. From 1974 until the cessation of national surveillance, Hawaii consistently had the highest reported annual incidence rate in the United States. From 1974 through 1998, 752 leptospirosis cases were reported in the State of Hawaii. Of these, 353 had exposures within the state and were laboratory confirmed. The mean annual incidence rate was 1.29 per 100,000. Cases were predominately male. Rates were highest in rural areas. Occupational exposures diminished over time while recreational exposures increased. This series represents the first large U.S. leptospirosis surveillance report since 1979. With leptospirosis recently being identified as a re-emerging zoonosis, continued national surveillance and case reporting should be reconsidered.

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“…In addition, leptospirosis is highly prevalent in Hawaii (Alicata and Breaks 1943;Alicata 1958;Minette 1964;Higa and Fujinaka 1976), with dozens of cases reported statewide, some requiring hospitalization (Wong et al 2012). Cases of Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%