Les assemblages de macro-invertébrés détritivores du sol d’une rotation de futaie de hêtre

Abstract

-This work addresses the driving factors responsible for patterns in the detritivore macrofaunal communities of a managed beechwood chronosequence (28 to 197 years old, Normandy, France). We investigated the variation patterns of density, biomass and diversities of detritivore macrofauna throughout this rotation. Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify the main covariation patterns between species and some properties of their physical environment, and to describe the main ecological gradients constraining the macro-invertebrate community assembly. A total of 6 earthworm, 6 woodlouse and 7 millipede species were found in the whole data set. Density, biomass and diversity were profoundly influenced by forest ageing, mainly because of variation in humic epipedon spatial variability. Three groups of species were identified according to their environmental requirements. Some hypotheses regarding the external (related to management practices) or internal (related to inter-specific interactions) assembly rules behind species assemblages are proposed, an approach which has rarely been used in soil ecology. Finally, the impact of forestry practices on soil functioning through their impact on detritivore macro-invertebrate communities is discussed.soil detritivore macrofauna / community ecology / assembly rules / humic epipedon / forest management Résumé -Les assemblages de macro-invertébrés détritivores du sol d'une rotation de futaie de hêtre. Ce travail a pour but d'identifier les facteurs responsables des schémas de variation des communautés de la macrofaune detritivore d'une chronoséquence (28 à 197 ans) de futaie régulière de hêtre (Normandie, France). Les modèles de variation de la densité, la biomasse et la diversité ont été recherchés. Les modèles de covariation entre les espèces et certaines propriétés physiques du milieu ainsi que les gradients écologiques qui contraignent les assemblages de macro-détritivores ont été décrits à l'aide d'analyses multivariées. En tout, 6 espèces de vers de terre, 6 espèces d'isopodes et 7 espèces de diplopodes ont été identifiées. La maturation du peuplement de hêtre, principalement par les modifications de l'épisolum humifère, influence fortement les densité, biomasse et diversité. Trois groupes d'espèces sont identifiés sur la base de leurs exigences environnementales. Quelques hypothèses sont proposées quant aux règles externes (liées aux pratiques sylvicoles) et internes (liées aux relations interspéciques) qui contraignent la composition des assemblages d'espèces, cette approche ayant jusqu'à présent été peu utilisée en écologie du sol. Enfin, l'impact des pratiques sylvicoles sur le fonctionnement du sol, au travers de leur impact sur les communautés de macro-détritivores, est discuté. macrofaune detritivore du sol / écologie des communautés / règles d'assemblages / épisolum humifère / gestion forestière

Soil microarthropod communities from Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Central Italy under different disturbances

“…These results confirms the previous studies conducted on a temperate cool rain forest in west Canada where there were no significant differences in population density of arthropods between undisturbed forests on harvested plots and unharvested patches (Addison 2007). Additionally, in another recent study, regarding a beech forest, the hypothesis of Ponge et al (1998), which predicts community changes during forest rotations, was refuted from a functional view point (Hedde et al 2007). However several studies considering the effects of silvicultural practices on soil fauna found important impacts on soil forest fertility/productivity and in the terrestrial food chain (Moore et al 2002).…”

“…Various studies have described the structure of soil invertebrate communities in relation to forest diversity, dynamics and management (Bird et al 2000;DoblasMiranda et al 2007;Hedde et al 2007;Jabin et al 2004;Kaneko and Salamanca 1999;Paquin and Coderre 1997;Theenhaus and Schaefer 1995). Overexploitation generally results in dramatic and rapid changes in vegetation and soil quality that are likely to significantly affect soil invertebrate communities and, more in general, forest goods and services (Minnesota Forest Resources Council 1999).…”

Dynamics of soil carbon in a beechwood chronosequence forest

“…This may occur through mass flow or through direct transport by soil fauna (Chamberlain et al, 2006). Soil faunal communities in these acidic stands are characterised by a lack of soil-dwelling earthworms and a low biomass of the detritivore macrofauna in the whole rotation (Hedde et al, 2007). On the other hand, strong variations in the density of detritivore mesofauna (enchytraeides, oribatide mites and springtails) were recorded between the different phases (Hedde, unpublished data), suggesting that these groups may be implicated in SOM vertical transport.…”

Recovery of ground-dwelling assemblages during reforestation with native oak depends on the mobility and feeding habits of the species

“…Habitat preferences or dispersal limitations 554 may prevent the recolonization of these stenotopic forest ground 555 beetle species in the reforested stands (Niemelä et al, 1993;556 Magura et al, 2003;Pohl et al, 2007 (Desender et al, 1999;Toïgo et al, 2013;Skłodowski, 2014a;561 Negro et al, 2014). These conditions are more commonly met in logging is practiced (Desender et al, 1999 (Hedde et al, 2007). However, samples from the youngest stages…”