“…From the assumption that the equilibrium is attained at the interfaces, the oxidized ratios of hydrogen, P H 2 O /(P H 2 ϩP H 2 O ), at these interfaces can be calculated from the equilibrium constants for the hydrogen reductions. In these calculations, the following equations derived 12,13) on the basis of the data in the literature [14][15][16] are used: The calculated oxidized ratios of hydrogen, x 1 , x 2 , and x 3 , are shown on the left side of the corresponding interfaces in Fig. 1(a).…”