“…Originating in STS (and in particular in the sociology of scientific knowledge and actor‐network theory), the study of controversies brings together a variety of approaches interested in how issues become enmeshed in public disagreement and reach closure (Raynaud, 2018; Venturini, 2010). While some scholars have kept a relatively open definition of controversies, as "situations where actors disagree" (Venturini, 2010, p. 261), other have sought to distinguish controversies from scandals, affairs or simply conversations (Rennes, 2016). STS scholars see major advantages in using "moments of contention" (Pinch, 2015, p. 282) and disputing processes" (Lemieux, 2007, p. 191) as occasions to open the black boxes of science and technology (Venturini and Munk, 2021).…”