Les déclins des fonctions cognitives chez la personne âgée: Une perspective neuropsychologique

Braun, Claude M. J.; Lalonde, Robert

doi:10.1017/s071498080001312x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(102 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This reduced inhibition ability could be, at least partially, associated with the decline in frontal function which is considered to be a feature of normal aging (see Braun & Lalonde, 1990;Moscovitch & Winocur, 1992;Daigneault et al, 1993;West, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If random generation depends on a limited capacity central executive system and if, as suggested in some studies (e.g., Van der Linden, Brédart, & Beerten, 1994), elderly subjects show a reduced capacity of this system, then random generation performance of older adults should be affected, particularly as faster generation rates are imposed and more complex sorting tasks are introduced. Furthermore, inasmuch as neuropathological, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological studies as well as studies of cognitive aging using neuropsychological tests indicate the role of frontal dysfunction in some aspects of age-related differences in cognition (see Braun & Lalonde, 1990;Daigneault et al, 1993;Moscovitch & Winocur, 1992;West, 1996), it was hypothesized that elderly subjects would exhibit an excessive number of stereotyped responses, which seem to be typically associated with frontal dysfunction (e.g., Spatt & Goldenberg, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age-Related Differences in Random Generation

Linden

Beerten

Pesenti

1998

Brain and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the effects of age on a random generation task. In Experiment 1, young and elderly subjects were asked to generate random strings of letters at 1-, 2-, and 4-s rates. The elderly subjects produced more alphabetical stereotype responses than young subjects, even in the slowest rate condition. Furthermore, as faster rates were imposed, elderly subjects could no longer maintain the pace and missed responses. In Experiment 2, subjects were required to generate letters at the same time that they sorted cards into one, two, four, or eight categories. Age-related differences were observed on most of the measures of randomness (stereotypes, zero-order, and first-order measures). In addition, the number of errors increased with the number of sorting alternatives, especially for elderly subjects. These results suggest the existence of a reduction of the central executive resources, along with a reduced inhibition ability, in the elderly subjects. However, the contribution of a perceptual speed factor is also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Differences in Random Generation

Linden

Beerten

Pesenti

1998

Brain and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: Are they related to negative or positive symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and violence?

Braun¹,

Lapierre

Hodgins

et al. 1995

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This investigation was carried out on 31 unemployed schizophrenic outpatient men. The general purpose was to explore new aspects of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia. A 108-item version of the Nathan Kline Institute scale of soft signs, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia psychiatric interview, the negative and positive symptom scale (PANSS), a comprehensive scale of life-time history of violence, and a large set of neuropsychological tests were administered. It was found that "motor" soft signs were significantly more prevalent than "sensory-perceptual" signs, but that each body side manifested equal numbers of neurological signs. Before and after statistical correction for age, education, alcoholism, drug abuse disorder, and daily and cumulative neuroleptic dosage, orbitofrontal-type neuropsychological tasks measuring "impulsivity" related very robustly to the soft signs. Furthermore, before and after the same statistical corrections, right body-side signs correlated significantly with the same neuropsychological tests, whereas left body-side signs did not. The PANSS scores and levels of lifetime violence generally did not correlate significantly with neurological soft signs. The latter negative findings, we think relate to the fact that these were relatively high-functioning (i.e., outpatient) schizophrenics. Overall, the results support notions of frontal lobe and left hemisphere involvement in schizophrenia, these two dysfunctional systems being apparently linked at the level of the orbitofrontal area of the brain.

show abstract

Sparing of cognitive executive functions and impairment of motor functions after industrial exposure to lead: A field study with control group.

Braun¹,

Daigneault²

1991

Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

41 lead-smelter workers and 37 nonsmelter workers were evaluated for cognitive executive function, motor function, and exposure to lead. Smelter workers had an average blood-lead level more than 6 times the Canadian urban average. Multivariate comparisons of the exposed and unexposed groups on all the measures of executive function revealed no trend toward a toxic effect of lead. Canonical correlation analysis (corrected for age and education) of the exposed group revealed no significant relations between dose-related variables and measures of executive function. In analyses of motor-function tests, the multivariate dose-response relationship (corrected for age, weight, and height) indicated a toxic effect of lead (p < .006).

show abstract

Les déclins des fonctions cognitives chez la personne âgée: Une perspective neuropsychologique

Cited by 5 publications

References 90 publications

Age-Related Differences in Random Generation

Age-Related Differences in Random Generation

Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: Are they related to negative or positive symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and violence?

Sparing of cognitive executive functions and impairment of motor functions after industrial exposure to lead: A field study with control group.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About