Les espaces marins du Pacifique entre logiques de commun et d’accaparement

Meur, Pierre Yves Le; Bambridge, Tamatoa; Dégremont, Marlène; Rodary, Estienne

doi:10.3917/ried.234.0009

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Similarly, Hau'ofa focuses on individuals and their affinities rather than on the legally constituted state as the source of sovereign rights. He suggests that the state as traditionally defined in Westphalian terms (Stirk 2012) is not sufficiently positioned to cope with contemporary issues that exceed national borders, exclusive economic zones, and governance frontiers (Le Meur et al 2018). The underlying geographical and institutional limitation of the concept of state-based sovereignty in Oceania is especially notable when it relates to the ocean.…”

Section: A Sea Of Sovereign-tiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanian Sovereignty: rethinking conservation in a sea of islands

Bambridge

D’Arcy

Mawyer

2021

Pacific Conserv. Biol.

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In an age of dramatic environmental and ecological challenges, the dynamics of sovereignty associated with the conservation of natural resources in Oceania are in flux. This article draws on the transformative work of Tongan anthropologist and political philosopher Epeli Hau‘ofa to articulate characteristics of an Oceanian Sovereignty that illuminate ongoing conceptual shifts around conservation in this region. In the wake of intensifying and accelerating environmental challenges from global warming and other hazard drivers, understanding Indigenous peoples and local communities’ deeply rooted and emerging perceptions and conceptions of rights over, responsibilities towards, and respect for, nature is a critical context for necessary transformations within conservation science, policy and practice. The articulation of sovereignty that we identify in Hau‘ofa sheds light on how Oceania’s peoples are asserting rights to make choices about the environmental futures of ocean and island spaces. Oceanian Sovereignty emphasises past, present and future obligations enacted though sustainable use in partnership with an ancestral ocean deeply embedded in cultural identity as a basis of governance rather than in legal and political arguments grounded in the constitutions of states. The resultant nature politics are exemplified in what we term tidal thinking. Tidal thinking refers to Indigenous and local peoples’ fluid responses to current challenges around conservation and sustainable management of island and ocean futures and the linked wellbeing of human and non-human entities within them. We conclude with a number of conservation practice, governance, and policy implications that tidal thinking around Oceanian Sovereignty entails.

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Section: A Sea Of Sovereign-tiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanian Sovereignty: rethinking conservation in a sea of islands

Bambridge

D’Arcy

Mawyer

2021

Pacific Conserv. Biol.

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“…Regional cooperation has been the response to "ocean grabbing" where vast expanses of pelagic and seabed ocean spaces were largely unpoliced and exploited (Bennett et al, 2015;Silver et al, 2015;Le Meur et al, 2018). The first large-scale, no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) and sanctuaries, targeting highly migratory pelagic fish and marine mammals, were created in the mid-2000s and developed into a large network in the region (Jeudy de Grissac, 2003;Govan et al, 2009;Bambridge and D'Arcy, 2014;Tilot et al, 2021b) including « Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) » with strong socio-ecological benefits in particular for biodiversity conservation, fisheries management, livelihood diversification, and climate change adaptation (Ruru, 2008;D' Arcy, 2009;Jeudy de Grissac, 2015).…”

Section: Placing Deep Sea Mining In the Socio-ecological Systems Of The Pacific Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Oceanian Sovereignty in the Context of Deep Sea Mining in the Pacific Region

et al. 2021

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Based on an interdisciplinary experience addressing traditional dimensions in marine resource management in the Pacific, the socio-ecological interconnectivity between island communities, the ocean realm and the legal context concerning the management of seabed resources (Tilot, 2006, 2010; Tilot et al., 2018, 2021a,b; Mulalap et al., 2020; Willaert, 2020a,b, c; 2021; DOSI, 2021), this paper proposes to discuss the relevance and efficacy of the concept of “Oceanian Sovereignty” (Bambridge et al., 2021) in the context of Deep Sea Mining, from the different legal, environmental, anthropological, social, political, and economic science perspectives. The policies and practices developed in the Pacific in this context could well serve as a suitable model elsewhere to reconcile competing perspectives in addition to sustaining the Human Well-being and Sustainable Livelihoods (HWSL) and the health of the Global Ocean.

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“…However, the perspective of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and even "outsiders" (i.e., non-community members), may be characterized as reluctant or even hostile toward this new activity and its risks (Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2012). More so, the potential for economic independence for Island States is potentially compromised by DSM projects -led often by large corporate businesses in the Global North -which rely on economic trade-offs and compromises (re)creating new forms of financial reliance and perpetuating existing power imbalances between the wealthy 'West' and the 'rest' (Le Meur et al, 2018;Childs, 2019). The nations that have considered DSM in the near future, and have formulated policies and legislation on offshore mineral development, need to ensure the long-term preservation of their marine environment, including the seabed and the associated water column, acknowledging the HWSL, in particular traditional knowledge, of the people and communities who rely on the resources from the open sea (D'Arcy, 2013b).…”

Section: Introduction and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Dimensions of Seabed Resource Management in the Context of Deep Sea Mining in the Pacific: Learning From the Socio-Ecological Interconnectivity Between Island Communities and the Ocean Realm

Tilot

Willaert

Guilloux³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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In many of the Pacific Islands, local communities have long-held cultural and spiritual attachments to the sea, in particular to species and specific marine areas, processes, habitats, islands, and natural seabed formations. Traditional knowledge, customary marine management approaches and integrated relationships between biodiversity, ecosystems and local communities promote conservation and ensure that marine benefits are reaped in a holistic, sustainable and equitable manner. However, the interaction between local traditional knowledge, contemporary scientific approaches to marine resource management and specific regulatory frameworks has often been challenging. To some extent, the value of community practices and customary law, which have provided an incentive for regional cooperation and coordination around ocean governance, is acknowledged in several legal systems in the Pacific and a number of regional and international instruments, but this important connection can be further enhanced. In this article we present a science-based overview of the marine habitats that would be affected by deep seabed mining (DSM) along with an analysis of some traditional dimensions and cultural/societal aspects of marine resource management. We then assess whether the applicable legal frameworks at different levels attach sufficient importance to these traditional dimensions and to the human and societal aspects of seabed (mineral) resource management in the region. On the basis of this analysis, we identify best practices and formulate recommendations with regard to the current regulatory frameworks and seabed resource management approaches. Indeed, the policies and practices developed in the Pacific could well serve as a suitable model elsewhere to reconcile commercial, ecological, cultural and social values within the context of deep sea mineral exploitation in addition to sustaining the Human Well-being and Sustainable Livelihoods (HWSL) of the Pacific communities and the health of the Global Ocean.

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Les espaces marins du Pacifique entre logiques de commun et d’accaparement

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Oceanian Sovereignty: rethinking conservation in a sea of islands

Oceanian Sovereignty: rethinking conservation in a sea of islands

The Concept of Oceanian Sovereignty in the Context of Deep Sea Mining in the Pacific Region

Traditional Dimensions of Seabed Resource Management in the Context of Deep Sea Mining in the Pacific: Learning From the Socio-Ecological Interconnectivity Between Island Communities and the Ocean Realm

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