Les insectes entomophages d’intérêt agricole acclimatés en France métropolitaine depuis le début du 20^ème siècle

Abstract

Au moment où les introductions de nouveaux phytophages ravageurs augmentent de façon préoccupante dans la zone paléarctique, un bilan de la lutte biologique classique en France depuis l’origine est présenté. Les références‐clefs concernant les expériences d’acclimatations réussies sont complétées par des informations inédites et des commentaires d’ensemble. Cet acquis devrait servir de base à un renforcement de la mise en œuvre de cette stratégie de lutte qui représente toujours une méthode efficace, économique et durable pour répondre à l’afflux de nouvelles espèces invasives.

Hymenoptera. Chapter 12

“…Th e larva is rather endoparasitoid than ectoparasitoid during the last instars, forming a bag (thylacium) constituted by the exuviae of the parasitoid and bulging from the host abdomen. Only one species alien to Europe, Neodryinus typhlocybae, was introduced in northern Italy and subsequently in France for biological control of the Nearctic planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera, Flatidae) , Malausa et al 2008.…”

Review of invertebrate biological control agents introduced into Europe

“…In 1970, 350 A. spiniferus originating from Florida and Mexico were first released in southern Spain, where they became established . In 1973, A. spiniferus originating from Mexico was released in France (OPIE 1986;Malausa et al 2008), but it is not certain whether the species has ever established there (CABI 2007). An undated release of A. spiniferus is reported for Italy (Sicily), but its establishment is considered uncertain (CABI 2007).…”

“…Also, it does not contain introductions into greenhouses and other protected cultivation where the agent is not expected to survive outdoors, although some of these organisms might subsequently also be found in nature. For instance, Pseudaphycus flavidulus (Brèthes), a wasp originating from Chile, has been introduced for studies in the laboratory, but subsequently has also been recorded in nature (Malausa et al 2008). Most of the releases recorded in BIOCAT were made in the context of classical biological control (BC) projects, but in a few cases releases were also made in inundative BC projects.…”

“…Since the BIOCAT database is not yet accessible on the Internet, we refer to BIOCAT 2005 when citing information from the database. In addition to BIOCAT, some key references on the introductions of arthropods into Europe were also considered (including Robinson and Hooper 1989;Orphanides 1996;Mifsud 1997;Noyes 2002;Lucchi et al 2003;Jacas et al 2006;Malausa et al 2008;Rasplus et al 2010;Roy and Migeon 2010). Arthropods used as IBCAs against invasive weeds were taken from Julien and Griffiths's (1998) Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds, fourth edition, which covers the period up to the end of 1996 and includes 1160 releases (including pathogens).…”

Citrus Pest Management in the Northern Mediterranean Basin (Spain, Italy and Greece)

“…The results vary, however, several successful cases have been recorded (Viggiani, 1975;Amaro, 1992;Noyes & Hayat, 1994;Katsoyannos, 1996;Tsagarakis, Kalaitzaki, Lykouressis, Michelakis, & Alexandrakis, 1999;Kalaitzaki, 2004;Siscaro, Caleca, Reina, Rizzo, & Zappalà, 2003;Siscaro, Di Franco, & Zappalà, 2008; Gomes da Silva, Borges da Silva, Jacas, Urbaneja, & Viñuela, 2006;Malausa, Rabasse, & Kreiter, 2008;Zappalà, Siscaro, & Longo, 2008). …”