Les jeunes des cités en visite au "bled". "Ennemis de l'intérieur" en France et "touristes étrangers" au Maghreb

Abstract

La situation conflictuelle, lors de leurs vacances au Maghreb, des jeunes Français habitants des cités et originaires d'Afrique du Nord fait ici l'objet d'une étude approfondie. Les problèmes avec la population locale et, notamment, avec les jeunes tournent souvent autour du pouvoir d'achat, différent selon les pays. L'étude de cette problématique s'appuie sur une enquête qualitative menée en Tunisie, en Algérie et au Maroc. Cette enquête permet d'appréhender de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur ce sujet.

Viscous automobilities: diasporic practices and vehicular assemblages of visiting ‘home’

“…Their complicated positioning renders a sense of 'belonging' in their European or Moroccan homelands as a recurring theme that might evolve over their lives (Levitt 2002). Yet, in contrast with some similarly problematized migrant groups, they have had access to a cyclical diasporic 'return' , relatively uncomplicated by political or economic conditions that slow or block mobilities (Bidet and Wagner 2012;Hammouche 2003;Marlière 2006). Their cyclical presence in Morocco has become a 'normal' part of their lives and the lives of their resident Moroccan neighbors and families, yet it remains a moment when various parties -from citizens on the street to the several government agencies charged with maintaining ties to this group (Collyer 2013) -must encounter what it means for them to 'belong' in Morocco.…”

“…Overwhelmingly, research in migration studies about diasporic visits (also called 'visiting friends and relatives' or VFR) focuses on symbolic and ideological identities related to belonging in the nation or family (Chan and Tran 2011;Heine, Licata, and Azzi 2007;Potter and Phillips 2006;Reynolds 2006). Buried within these discussions are a persistent problematic of class distinction, obscured by the focus on the ethno-national and often implicit in the fact of migration, whereby visiting relatives or co-nationals become other -sometimes not unlike tourists -through their relatively increased access to capital (Marlière 2006;Stephenson 2002). Part of the purpose of the present study is to approach how othering and belonging occurs in a practical sense: when, where and how 'Moroccanness' becomes relevant to these processes, or whether some other distinction, like class, is co-occurring or even dominating over an ethno-national categorization.…”

“…This differentiation hinging upon easy, mobile access to some 'tourist' spaces which may be priced or regulated in ways that keep 'locals' out is echoed in other research on diasporic return. Migrants and post-migrants frequently report perceptions of resentment by relatives or peers in the homeland related to their differential access to capital (Marlière 2006;Potter 2005;Stephenson 2002). This sense of class distinction remains a factor in DV modes of 'belonging' , fostering a distinction between them and the majority of resident Moroccans that parallels perceptions of global geopolitical inequalities.…”