Les maladies de l’abeille domestique d’élevage, Apis mellifera l.

Vidal-Naquet, N.

doi:10.4267/2042/48811

Cited by 10 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…21,25 The detection of coumaphos-resistant Varroa mites in the eastern United States has led to reduced use of coumaphos, thus the reduced amount found in NYS wax was expected, although coumaphos residues are known to persist in wax. 6,19,32,53 Piperonyl butoxide was the chemical that we found most commonly. Piperonyl butoxide is a common ingredient in many pesticide products, including pyrethroid, methylcarbamate, and pyrazole insecticides, and the herbicide metolachlor, because it acts to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes found in plants, insects, and vertebrates, thereby preventing metabolism of insecticides and potentiating their function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pesticide contamination of beeswax from managed honey bee colonies in New York State

Bischoff,

Baert,

McArt

2023

J VET Diagn Invest

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The New York State (NYS) beekeeping industry generated >$11M worth of honey in 2020 and >$300M in pollination services to agriculture annually. Bees are frequently exposed to pesticides through foraging and husbandry practices. Lipophilic pesticides can remain in beeswax for extended periods. We analyzed for pesticides in wax comb samples collected from NYS apiaries at the end of the growing season, comparing residue numbers and concentrations among beekeepers of different operation scales: commercial beekeepers (>300 colonies), sideliners (50–299 colonies), and hobbyists (<50 colonies). We analyzed samples collected from 72 managed honey bee colonies for 92 insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pesticides were detected in all samples and included 34 fungicides, 33 insecticides, and 22 herbicides. Each wax sample contained 7–35 different residues (x¯ = 17.8 residues). Wax from colonies managed by commercial beekeepers contained the most residues (x¯ = 21.9 residues), hobbyists were second (x¯ = 16.3 residues), and sideliners had the fewest (x¯ = 11.7 residues). Nearly all wax samples (98.6%) contained the pesticide synergist piperonyl butoxide, most samples (86%) contained common varroacides used to control honey bee parasites, including coumaphos and amitraz breakdown products, and 93.1% contained the fungicide difenoconazole. We detected 34 fungicides, 7 of which were found in 50% or more of the samples. We detected 22 herbicides. We found pesticide contamination of beeswax to be common, with commercial beekeepers experiencing the greatest contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pesticide contamination of beeswax from managed honey bee colonies in New York State

Bischoff,

Baert,

McArt

2023

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Table 1. Overview of selected honeybee viruses (taxonomy, symptoms, affected casts of bees and transmission routes), modified after Vidal-Naquet [19]. Legend: RNA = Ribonucleic acid, w = worker, d = drone, q = queen, c = direct contact, o = oral-fecal, vec = vector-borne, ver = vertical, v = venereal, to = transovarial.…”

Section: Virus Diseases In Honeybees and Contributing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Diagnostic Approach of Common Virus Diseases in Adult Honeybees

Dittes

Aupperle‐Lellbach

Schäfer

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Veterinarians are educated in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in various vertebrate species. As they are familiar with multifactorial health problems in single animals as well as in herd health management, their knowledge and skills can be beneficial for the beekeepers and honeybee health. However, in education and in practice, honeybees are not a common species for most veterinarians and the typical veterinary diagnostic methods such as blood sampling or auscultation are not applicable to the superorganism honeybee. Honeybee colonies may be affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. Among the infectious agents, RNA-viruses build the largest group, causing covert and overt infections in honeybee colonies which may lead to colony losses. Veterinarians could and should play a more substantial role in managing honeybee health—not limited to cases of notifiable diseases and official hygiene controls. This review discusses the veterinary diagnostic approach to adult bee examination with a special focus on diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common virus diseases Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV)-Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV)-Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV)-Complex, Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) and Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), as well as coinfections like Varroa spp. and Nosema spp.

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“…As with other species, susceptibility to toxicants is dependent on factors such as stress, nutrition, and, particularly in honey bees, pathogen load, all of which must be considered. 133 Our purpose here is to give basic information on the application of toxicology to domestic honey bees and to expand on some of the challenges of interpreting analytical chemistry findings as they pertain to hive health in light of recent research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,88,93,115,130 Beneficial fungi and other microbes are essential for fermentation, thus agricultural fungicides can impact bee bread production and longevity. 34,133 Imbalanced microflora may contribute to mycotoxin production or spoilage in bee bread. 64,108 The phenomenon of "entombed pollen," which occurs when bee bread becomes discolored and is subsequently capped, has been associated with chlorothalonil, a common agricultural fungicide, and impacts the survival of bees and larvae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,64,130 Honey bees are unique among agricultural animals in that the apiarist has limited control of their nutrition, but they are not unique in requiring balanced diets containing protein, lipids, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and water in various ratios during different life stages. 130,133 A diversity of food sources is required for balanced nutrition; however, monoculture cropping, habitat fragmentation, and introduced species all have had detrimental effects on honey bee nutrition. 31,108,132,133 Malnutrition was implicated in bee losses between 2007 and 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the veterinary diagnostic toxicologist in apiary health

Bischoff,

Moiseff

2023

J VET Diagn Invest

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Susceptibility of individuals and groups to toxicants depends on complex interactions involving the host, environment, and other exposures. Apiary diagnostic investigation and honey bee health are truly population medicine: the colony is the patient. Here we provide basic information on the application of toxicology to the testing of domestic honey bees, and, in light of recent research, expand on some of the challenges of interpreting analytical chemistry findings as they pertain to hive health. The hive is an efficiently organized system of wax cells used to store brood, honey, and bee bread, and is protected by the bee-procured antimicrobial compound propolis. Toxicants can affect individual workers outside or inside the hive, with disease processes that range from acute to chronic and subclinical to lethal. Toxicants can impact brood and contaminate honey, bee bread, and structural wax. We provide an overview of important natural and synthetic toxicants to which honey bees are exposed; behavioral, husbandry, and external environmental factors influencing exposure; short- and long-term impacts of toxicant exposure on individual bee and colony health; and the convergent impacts of stress, nutrition, infectious disease, and toxicant exposures on colony health. Current and potential future toxicology testing options are included. Common contaminants in apiary products consumed or used by humans (honey, wax, pollen), their sources, and the potential need for product testing are also noted.

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Les maladies de l’abeille domestique d’élevage, Apis mellifera l.

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Pesticide contamination of beeswax from managed honey bee colonies in New York State

Pesticide contamination of beeswax from managed honey bee colonies in New York State

Veterinary Diagnostic Approach of Common Virus Diseases in Adult Honeybees

The role of the veterinary diagnostic toxicologist in apiary health

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