Les modifications de la ligne de rivage dans les îles de la Société (Polynésie française) : un indicateur des pressions anthropiques en zone côtière

Abstract

Les modifications de la ligne de rivage dans les îles de la Société (Polynésie française) : un indicateur des pressions anthropiques en zone côtière

Traditional and Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Seabed Resource Management and Applicable Legal Frameworks in the Pacific Island States

“…The Pacific region (Figure 1) has conflicting ambitions of conservation and of exploitation as it is one of the largest oceans renowned as a hotspot in biodiversity also with marine resources of commercial importance (Dahl and Carew-Reid, 1985;D'Arcy, 2006;Petterson, 2008;Trichet and Leblic, 2008;Vieux et al, 2008;Kingsford et al, 2009;Cardno Limited, 2016;Tilot, 2006;Tilot et al, 2021b). The region has the richest deposits of minerals on its seabed (polymetallic nodules, rare earths, metal-rich muds, cobalt rich ferro-manganese crusts, and hydrosulfide deposits) (Ernst and Young, 2011;Kato et al, 2011;Hein and Koschinsky, 2014) which are targeted by the Deep Sea Mining (DSM) industry (Hein, 2013;Havice and Zalik, 2019).…”

Traditional Dimensions of Seabed Resource Management in the Context of Deep Sea Mining in the Pacific: Learning From the Socio-Ecological Interconnectivity Between Island Communities and the Ocean Realm

“…Discoveries of rich metal deposits (polymetallic nodules, rare earths, metal-rich muds, cobalt rich ferro-manganese crusts, and hydrosulfide deposits) on the deep seabed (Hein and Koschinsky, 2014) have led to commercial interest from all over the world, as seabed mineral extraction is increasingly regarded as a suitable alternative to land-based mining and might be necessary to satisfy the increasing metal demand in the global shift toward sustainable energy (Zalik, 2018;Havice and Zalik, 2019). Conflicting ambitions of conservation and exploitation are especially tangible in the most biodiversity rich Pacific region (Dahl and Carew-Reid, 1985;D'Arcy, 2006;Petterson, 2008;Trichet and Leblic, 2008;Vieux et al, 2008;Kingsford et al, 2009;Cardno Limited, 2016), which covers an area of about 30 million km 2 within the world's largest ocean and, on the one hand, is seen as the most promising area for seabed mineral extraction in the near future (Figure 1). On the other hand, deep sea ecosystem services have been considered to have high societal benefits in Europe (O'Connor et al, 2020a) with strong public support to conserve and restore the deep sea ecosystem (O'Connor et al, 2020b).…”