Les moulins de Barbegal 1986-2006

Leveau, Philippe

doi:10.4000/books.pcjb.434

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Cyclical changes in δ 18 O are thought to reflect seasonal temperature fluctuations of the aqueduct water 15,16 with high values (around -6 ‰) characterizing calcite formed during winter. Anti-correlated cyclicity of δ 13 C is attributed to seasonal changes in the CO 2 degassing rate or biological activity 15,16 . The δ 18 O and δ 13 C patterns indicate that the carbonate deposits on the elbow-flume formed over a period of seven years, starting and ending in winter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing the hydraulics of the world’s first industrial complex, the second century CE Barbegal watermills, France

Passchier

Bourgeois²,

Viollet

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The Barbegal watermill complex, a unique cluster of 16 waterwheels in southern France, was the first known attempt in Europe to set up an industrial-scale complex of machines during the culmination of Roman Civilization in the second century CE. Little is known about the state of technological advance in this period, especially in hydraulics and the contemporary diffusion of knowledge. Since the upper part of the Barbegal mill complex has been destroyed and no traces of the wooden machinery survived, the mode of operation of these mills has long remained elusive. Carbonate incrustations that formed on the woodwork of the mills were used to reconstruct its structure and function, revealing a sophisticated hydraulic setup unique in the history of water mills. The lower mills used an elbow shaped flume to bring water onto overshot millwheels. This flume was specially adapted to the small water basins and serial arrangement of the mills on the slope. Carbonate deposits from ancient water systems are therefore a powerful tool in archaeological reconstructions and provide tantalizing insights into the skills of Roman engineers during a period of history that is the direct predecessor of our modern civilization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-correlated cyclicity of δ 13 C is attributed to seasonal changes in the CO 2 degassing rate or biological activity 15,16 . The δ 18 O and δ 13 C patterns indicate that the carbonate deposits on the elbow-flume formed over a period of seven years, starting and ending in winter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the hydraulics of the world’s first industrial complex, the second century CE Barbegal watermills, France

Passchier

Bourgeois²,

Viollet

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The Barbegal aqueduct water system and mill were constructed in several phases, with the aqueduct constructed in the early first century A.D. and the mill in the second century. Archaeologists have determined that the system operated for up to 300 years and was maintained and restored to extend its service life (Leveau, 2006). During this long period of operation, calcium hardness precipitated on the aqueduct channel walls in layers that have distinct lines (see the photographs on page 82).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient water quality: Roman engineering of the Barbegal Mill

Lorenz¹,

Wolfram²

2012

Journal AWWA

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“…Independently from this rural or urban setting, canals are related to specific water uses such as hydraulic power. We find an illustration in mining contexts with ruina montium (Arbol Moro et al in this issue) or to feed mills (Leveau 1993(Leveau , 2006b. Canals can be used to regulate water levels over time, such as drainage (ditches), but also for more specific events such as flood-relief (Keay et al 2005;Salomon 2013;Testaguzza 1970).…”

Section: Which Function For Which Canal?mentioning

confidence: 93%

Introduction to the special issue: Roman canals studies—main research aims

et al. 2014

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This special issue of Water History is the first of a set of two volumes dedicated to canals and their evolution through time. These two publications derive from a workshop organised at the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée in Lyon (France) under the sponsorship of the University of Lyon 2 and the CNRS, on the 23rd and 24th of May 2012, entitled ''Diverting water… Canals through time: a technological answer to socio-environmental variability''. The themes of the workshop focused on ''canals'' and addressed the question of long-term interactions between nature and society, as well as the organisation and regulation of hydrologic and anthropic systems through time. This first volume focuses on a socio-cultural context: the ancient Roman world, i.e. an archetypical hydraulic society. The case studies developed are related to canals in environments characterized by complex interactions at different spatial and temporal scales (deltaic area, alluvial plain or mountains). They do not include urban water systems as the latter are too specific (water supply of the cities by aqueducts or the drain of waste water by sewers). The second volume will be structured around the issue of water management in

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Les moulins de Barbegal 1986-2006

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Reconstructing the hydraulics of the world’s first industrial complex, the second century CE Barbegal watermills, France

Reconstructing the hydraulics of the world’s first industrial complex, the second century CE Barbegal watermills, France

Ancient water quality: Roman engineering of the Barbegal Mill

Introduction to the special issue: Roman canals studies—main research aims

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