Les origines du baby-boom en Suisse au prisme des parcours féminins

Duvoisin, Aline

doi:10.3726/b16428

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(359 reference statements)

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“…In particular, while women are still discriminated regarding their health, revenue, or residential isolation (based on our current data, see Baeriswyl, 2018;Oris et al, 2017), there are advantages of recent historical trends in close friendships. We have to state that the cohorts studied, even the younger born at the latest in 1946, grew and evolved in a Swiss society still strongly marked by gender inequalities; most have been socialized during the "conservative restoration" of the interwar period (Duvoisin, 2020). For now, our results confirm women's advantage in terms of social relations as mentioned in the literature (Arber et al, 2003;Chambers, 2018), while stressing that this can be relatively new concerning friendship in older age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Friendship in Later Life: Thirty Years of Progress and Inequalities

Baeriswyl

2022

Int J Aging Hum Dev

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Studies examining the impact of social change on individual development and aging postulate the growing importance of flexible relationships, such as friendship. Although friendship is well known as a factor of well-being in later life, the prevalence of friendship in older adult networks and its unequal distribution has been examined only in few studies. Through secondary data analysis of two cross-sectional surveys carried out in Switzerland in 1979 and 2011, respectively, the increasing presence of close friends was confirmed. Our results show that this trend was part of a broader lifestyle change after retirement, with increasing social engagements. However, this trend does not include a general decrease in social inequalities in friendship opportunities. Overall, friendship increase among older adults has contributed to a polarization of living conditions, with a majority of active, healthy persons contrasting with a minority of individuals who accumulate penalties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Friendship in Later Life: Thirty Years of Progress and Inequalities

Baeriswyl

2022

Int J Aging Hum Dev

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“…All the channels of socialisation (families, schools, youth movements, churches, etc.) promoted a role of women as mother and spouse 65 . Second, besides this most crucial primary socialisation in early life, empirical evidence further showed that although the shift in subjective perceptions of social gender roles towards being less conservative over the last 30 years in Switzerland due to secondary socialisations during the life course, importantly, the social practices were changing across time and generations to a much lower extent: Women were still much more than men engaged in social activities in the private space and the managers of social relationships, especially family relationships and friendship 66,67 (for further discussions on these issues see e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet use in old age predicts smaller cognitive decline only in men

Ihle

Bavelier

Maurer

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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internet use provides cognitive stimulation and thereby may contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve that is proposed to be instrumental for maintaining cognitive health in ageing. As the first study so far, we examined possible gender differences in the relationship between Internet use and subsequent cognitive decline over six years assessed through changes in Trail Making Test (TMT) accomplishment time in 897 older adults. Latent change score modelling (taking into account baseline cognitive level, chronic diseases, age, and central contributions to cognitive reserve through education, profession, and leisure engagement) revealed a significant interaction of frequency of Internet use and gender. More frequent Internet use in the first wave of data collection significantly predicted a smaller subsequent augmentation in TMT accomplishment time (i.e., a smaller subsequent cognitive decline) only in men, but not in women. In conclusion, frequent Internet use may contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve. The gender difference noted highlights an advantage for males. While this finding could be interpreted as gender-specific, it may be that the Internet activities males engage in differ from those of females, calling for a fine-grained investigation of Internet-based activities in future studies.

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“…The roots of this trend go back to the 19 th century fertility transition (David & Sanderson, 1987), but it was during the Baby Boom era that the two-child family became more widely adopted in many Western countries (Brée, 2017;Frejka, 2008b;Van Bavel et al, 2018). Based on scarce qualitative studies, it seems plausible that during the Baby Boom era, the idea of having a family with precisely two children attained a normative character (Duvoisin, 2017;Hilevych & Rusterholz, 2018). This entailed both a stronger imperative to get married and start a family and a more restrictive norm on stopping after two children, or at least an increasing social stigma on larger family sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, it seems that by the end of the 1930s, parenthood and family life experienced a renaissance while alternative life trajectories were dismissed (Hülsken, 2010;Koropeckyj-Cox, Pienta, & Brown, 2007). Limiting family size on the other hand was hardly new, but developments in contraceptives (Barrusse, 2014;Rusterholz, 2015) and increasing costs of childrearing (Duvoisin, 2017;Hilevych & Rusterholz, 2018;Rusterholz, 2017) might have resulted in a strengthening of the norm to not have more than two children. In any case, more and more people were having two children and understanding the rise of the two-child family might therefore contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that have brought about the Baby Boom itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mid-Twentieth Century Baby Boom and the Role of Social Influence. An Agent-Based Modelling Approach

Nomes¹,

Grow²,

Bavel³

2019

hlcs

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Around the middle of the 20th century, most Western countries experienced a surge in birth rates, called the Baby Boom. This boom was unexpected at the time and the underlying mechanisms are still not entirely clear. It was characterized by high levels of inter- and intra-country variability in fertility, as some regions even experienced fertility decline during the Boom. In this paper, we suggest that social influence processes, propelling a shift towards two-child families, might have played an important role in the observed changes in fertility. Interactions in social networks can lead new types of childbearing behaviour to diffuse widely and thereby induce changes in fertility at the macro level. The emergence and diffusion of a two-child norm resulted in homogenization of fertility behaviour across regions. Overall, this led to a reduction of childlessness and thus an increase of fertility, as more people aspired to have at least two children. Yet, in those regions where larger family sizes were still common, the two-child norm contributed to a fertility decline. To explore the role of social influence with analytical rigor, we make use of agent-based computational modelling. We explicate the underlying behavioural assumptions in a formal model and assess their implications by submitting this model to computational simulation experiments. We use Belgium as a case study, since it exhibited large variability in fertility in a relatively small population during the Baby Boom years. We use census data to generate realistic starting conditions and to empirically validate the outcomes that our model generates. Our results show that the proposed mechanism could explain an important part of the variability of fertility trends during the Baby Boom era.

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Les origines du baby-boom en Suisse au prisme des parcours féminins

Cited by 6 publications

References 175 publications

Friendship in Later Life: Thirty Years of Progress and Inequalities

Friendship in Later Life: Thirty Years of Progress and Inequalities

Internet use in old age predicts smaller cognitive decline only in men

The Mid-Twentieth Century Baby Boom and the Role of Social Influence. An Agent-Based Modelling Approach

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