Les phytotherapies anti-infectieuses de la foret-savane, senegal (afrique occidentale) III: Un resume des substances phytochimiques et l'activite anti-microbienne de 43 species

Grand, A. le

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(89)90037-8

Cited by 50 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This result, which was also observed on isolated rat tracheal muscle (13), suggests either that the active substance acts as a cholinergic agonist or that it could release acetylcholine from parasympathetic myocardial endings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium

Garcia

Nascimento

Santos

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Many pharmacological effects have been ascribed to extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves. However, in spite of its widespread use in Brazilian folk medicine and a reasonable number of scientific reports about it, we could not find any study dealing with its action on the mammalian myocardium. In the present study, by measuring isometric force, we observed that the crude extract of P. guajava (water-alcohol extract obtained by macerating dry leaves) depresses the guinea pig atrial contractility in a concentration-dependent fashion (N = 8 hearts, 15 trials). The compound with cardiac activity was concentrated by extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using 17 M glacial acetic acid after removing the less polar fractions (hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol), suggesting that this compound is a highly polar substance. In the isolated guinea pig left atrium the acetic acid fraction (10-800 mg/l) of P. guajava 1) reversibly decreased myocardial force in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC 50 = 0.07g/l, N = 5 hearts, 9 trials, P<0.05), 2) increased the atrial relaxation time measured at 20% of the force amplitude up to 35% (91 ± 15 to 123 ± 30 ms, N = 3 hearts, 6 trials, P<0.05), 3) abolished the positive staircase effect (Bowditch phenomenon) in a concentrationdependent fashion suggesting a decrease of the cellular inward calcium current (N = 4 hearts, 8 trials, P<0.05), and 4) its inotropic effect was abolished by cholinergic receptor blockade with 1.5 mM atropine sulfate, indicating a cholinergic involvement in the mechanism of action of the extract (N = 7 hearts, 15 trials, P<0.05). The acetic acid extract was 20 times more potent than crude extract (EC 50 = 1.4 g/l). The results showed that extracts from P. guajava leaves depress myocardial inotropism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Many other effects of extracts of Psidium leaves have been reported, such as antinociceptive (5,6), CNS depressor (7), antimutagenic (8,9), antihyperglycemic (10) -but such effect was controversial (11) -, antidiarrheic (12), antibiotic (12,13), antiamebic and antispasmodic (14) effects, anticough (15), and narcotic-like activity (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium

Garcia

Nascimento

Santos

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…are traditionally used as vermicides (Valdizan and Maldonado, 1922) and researchers have confirmed their activity in vitro and in vivo (Amorin et al, 1999;Hansson et al, 1986;Rodriguez and Wrangham, 1993). In 1996, Coe and Anderson found an anti-amebaean activity in bark of Mangifera indica, which is traditionally used against amoebiasis, diarrhea, and digestive problems in Equatorial Africa, Indian Ocean, and Central America (Aderibigde et al, 2001;Adjanohoun et al, 1989;Le Grand, 1989;Pernet and Meyer, 1957). Ross et al (1980) confirmed the laxative properties of Tamarindus indica, different parts of which are used all over the world as a purgative (Adjanohoun et al, 1982(Adjanohoun et al, , 1983(Adjanohoun et al, , 1989Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau, 1993;Coe and Anderson, 1996;Pernet and Meyer, 1957;Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962).…”

Section: Plants Consumed By Brown Lemurs and Their Antiparasitic Propmentioning

confidence: 88%

Plants Consumed by Eulemur fulvus in Comoros Islands (Mayotte) and Potential Effects on Intestinal Parasites

et al. 2006

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The study of self-medication among animals-zoopharmacognosy-is founded on observations that suggest that wild animals use plants with specific biological properties that may be beneficial to them. To verify whether self-vermifugation occurs among Eulemur fulvus in the wild, we studied their feeding behavior in both the dry and humid forests of Mayotte (Comoros Islands). We used the focal individual sampling method over an annual cycle. We conducted a complementary study during the 2-mo mating season, via the scan sampling method (at 10-min intervals). Among the 29 plant species brown lemurs consumed, we tested 16 in vitro as antiparasitic agents on 3 experimental parasite models (Rhabditis pseudoelongata, Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba invadens). We obtained crude extracts to be tested after 2 successive chemical extractions (ethyl acetate and methanol), and 7 of them, belonging to 4 different plant species, showed an antiparasitic property: lemurs consumed Annona squamosa and Mimusops comorensis in large amounts, but ingested Ixora cremixora and Syzygium jambos sporadically. The 4 plants were active on the flagellate but only one of them (Ixora cremixora) also demonstrated antinematode properties. Humans use 2 of the plants as intestinal antiparasitic agents in traditional medicine and include Nègre, Tarnaud, Roblot, Gantier, and Guillot numerous other plants in the diet. The relative lake of amoebas and flagellates in stools of Eulemur fulvus may be related to the consumption of plants with antiprotozoal properties. Nevertheless, in the absence of specific behavior that could be linked to a voluntary therapeutic action during our study, self-vermifugation in Eulemur fulvus remains elusive.

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“…A. cordifolia is known by many traditional healers to be a plant with a variety of medicinal properties. For example, extracts obtained by boiling A. cordifolia leaves in water are used as a remedy for stomach ulcers, venereal disease, cough, bronchial troubles, malaria, fever, rheumatic pain, sores, and toothache (Dalziel, 1956; Le Grand A., 1989; Ogungbamila and Samuelsson, 1990; Agbor et al , 2004; Adeshina et al , 2008). In addition, the local and systemic anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts from A. cordifolia have been validated in recent pharmacological studies (Ajali, 2000; Tona et al , 2000; Osadebe and Okoye, 2003; Agbor et al , 2004; Osadebe et al , 2008; Manga et al , 2004; Mavar-Manga et al , 2008; Pesewu et al , 2008; Mesia et al , 2008; Okoye et al , 2011; Ayisi et al , 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Alchornea cordifolia

Kouakou¹,

Schepetkin²,

Yapi³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance Extracts of leaves from different species of the genus Alchornea have been used for centuries to treat a variety of medicinal problems in tropical Africa. However, little is known about the high-molecular weight active components conferring therapeutic properties to these extracts. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia. Materials and methods Water-soluble polysaccharides from leaves of A. cordifolia were extracted and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose, Diaion HP-20, and size-exclusion chromatography. Molecular weight, sugar analysis, and other physical and chemical characterization of the fractions were performed. Immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharide fractions was evaluated by determining their ability to induce monocyte/macrophage nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) was also assessed using a phospho-MAPK array. Activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was measured using an alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay in THP1-Blue monocytic cells. Results Six polysaccharide fractions from A. cordifolia were isolated. Fractions containing type II arabinogalactan had potent immunomodulatory activity. Particularly, the parent fraction AP-AU and its high-molecular weight sub-fraction AP-AU1 (average Mr was estimated to be 39.5 kDa) induced production of NO and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human and murine monocyte/macrophages cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with AP-AU1 induced phosphorylation of Akt2, p38δ/p38γ, p70S6K1, RSK2, and mTOR, as well as stimulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. Conclusion Our results provide a molecular basis to explain a portion of the beneficial therapeutic properties of water extracts from A. cordifolia leaves in traditional folk medicine of Africa.

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Les phytotherapies anti-infectieuses de la foret-savane, senegal (afrique occidentale) III: Un resume des substances phytochimiques et l'activite anti-microbienne de 43 species

Cited by 50 publications

References 53 publications

Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium

Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium

Plants Consumed by Eulemur fulvus in Comoros Islands (Mayotte) and Potential Effects on Intestinal Parasites

Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Alchornea cordifolia

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