Ephesos, one of the best-documented big cities of the Greek world, came into contact with Rome in the 2nd century bc and became the capital of the province of Asia c. 85/4 bc. After various difficult phases in the 1st century bc, the reign of Augustus marked a turning point for the city. Between Augustus and the Severan dynasty, this polis underwent a substantial urban and monumental expansion. Its demography changed as well, as native Greeks and Italian immigrants gradually merged. The leading elite families engaged in a high level of civic and euergetic activity: a high number of magistracies and individual magistrates can be identified in Imperial Ephesos, and some members of the local elite eventually joined the equestrian and senatorial aristocracies. As a major harbour city, it experienced a more marked Roman influence and control than other cities of the province.