Les récents développements de la politique de réforme agricole en Chine

Abstract

[eng] The recents developments of the political reform agricultural of China . Chinese agriculture is one of the oldest in the world. After the collectivism, deregulation came with different steps : land restitution, contracts between the State and farmers, aleviation of the controls on these contracts, and at last deregulation of markets and prices. Growth in agriculture reached 6 % during 15 years. This growth was accompanied by a fast industrialization process, particularly in rural areas. Now, Chinese agriculture have to face new challenges : small farms, relative decreasing of agricultural income, less infrastructure and rapid demand diversification. [fre] L'agriculture chinoise est une des plus vieilles du monde. Après la collectivisation, la dérégulation s'est faite en différentes étapes : restitution de la terre et passation de contrats entre l'État et les producteurs, puis relâchement des contrôles sur les contrats, et enfin dérégulation du marché et des prix. La croissance agricole atteint presque 6 % sur quinze ans. Cette croissance s'accompagne d'une industrialisation extrêmement rapide en particulier dans les zones rurales. Cette agriculture doit faire face à des défis nouveaux : la petitesse des exploitations, la baisse relative des revenus agricoles, le manque d'infrastructures, et la diversification rapide de la demande.

What are the Moderating Effect of Active Agricultural Population, Ethnicity Rate and Urbanization on Agricultural Reforms and Agricultural Growth? From Theory to Empirical Evidence in Benin

“…Similarly, the work of Wen [7] and the OECD [8] have shown that land reforms must be organized around agricultural policies aiming at a variety of objectives, in particular: guaranteeing a supply of food products in sufficient quantity to reasonable prices, support farm household incomes contribute to the well-being of rural communities and ensure ecological sustainability and other societal goals. For the World Bank (2019), agriculture is the backbone of the economy in many developing countries focused on fair and equitable land reform.…”