Les résidences pour personnes âgées de l’île de Montréal appartenant aux parcs social et privé : une exposition inéquitable à la pollution de l’air ?

Abstract

Résumé La qualité des milieux à proximité des résidences pour personnes âgées sur l’île de Montréal, tant celles du parc privé que du parc social, est analysée sous l’angle de la pollution générée par la circulation automobile. Deux types d’indicateurs de polluants sont utilisés pour évaluer la pollution. Les premiers sont basés sur la proximité des axes majeurs de circulation et les seconds estiment, dans un rayon de 200 m, la concentration de NO2. Nos résultats montrent que les résidences privées et celles du parc social se localisent plus souvent à proximité d’axes majeurs de circulation que les résidences de l’ensemble de la population et de la population âgée. Les résidences privées se caractérisent toutefois par des concentrations moindres de NO2 comparativement à ces deux mêmes populations, alors qu’on observe l’inverse pour les résidences du parc social. Ceci s’explique notamment par leur distribution respective au sein du territoire urbanisé.

The application of three methods to measure the statistical association between different social groups and the concentration of air pollutants in Montreal: A case of environmental equity

“…These spaces are above all characterized by higher residential density, the diversity of urban functions, and the greater concentration and lengths of collector roads, arteries, expressways, and highways that link together the main poles of attraction on the Island of Montreal, as well as the access toward the bridges and the major suburbs of the CMA, hence the higher traffic data volumes. So the geography of road transportation and the location of this group in the centre of the Island of Montreal explain, in part at least, the higher concentration of pollutants for this group (Carrier et al, 2014). The values of some of the pollution indicators are thus more strongly explained by the presence of individuals from lowincome households.…”

Aircraft noise and environmental equity in Montréal: A comparison of noise indicators and an analysis of the impacts of COVID-19

“…These results are surprising given that few studies in environmental equity have considered this population group. This situation can be explained by the overrepresentation of this group outside Montréal’s central neighbourhoods ( Séguin et al, 2013 ), in sectors characterized by a strong presence of private seniors residences ( Carrier et al, 2013 ). Considering these results, this group should be more often included in the work on environmental equity related to aircraft noise.…”

The cumulative effect of nuisances from road transportation in residential sectors on the Island of Montreal – Identification of the most exposed groups and areas

“…The portions that we have excluded from the study area represent approximately 400,000 people: that is, 24% of the Island's population). The study area, shown in Figure 2, does however include all the sections of highway and the main arterial and collector roads that connect the City of Montreal to its suburbs (Carrier et al, 2013). The central Island of Montreal boroughs also represent a major employment pole for the 3.92 million inhabitants of the Montreal Metropolitan Community (MMC) (Carrier et al, 2016).…”