Les rhinocéros fossiles des sites préhistoriques de l’Europe méditerranéenne et du Massif Central: Paléontologie et implications biochronologiques

Lacombat, Frédéric

doi:10.30861/9781841718583

Cited by 18 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The teeth helped to clarify the diagnosis of the taxa, namely the Hundsheim's rhinoceros (Etruscan Rhinoceros short face) Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (= Dicerorhinus etruscus brachycephalus according to Guérin, 1980). The patterns of the upper and lower cheek teeth are identical to those described for this species (Guérin, 1980;Fortelius et al, 1993;Lacombat, 2005Lacombat, , 2006. For the upper teeth, the crochet is single, the crista is present, there is no antecrochet, the mediofossette is open, there is a mesial and a lingual cingula, the protocone constriction is not well marked, the paracone fold is wide and prominent (Fig.…”

Section: Rhinocerosmentioning

confidence: 77%

Palaeoenvironment and dating of the Early Acheulean localities from the Somme River basin (Northern France): New discoveries from the High Terrace at Abbeville-Carrière Carpentier

Antoine

Moncel

Limondin-Lozouët

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Section: Rhinocerosmentioning

confidence: 77%

Palaeoenvironment and dating of the Early Acheulean localities from the Somme River basin (Northern France): New discoveries from the High Terrace at Abbeville-Carrière Carpentier

Antoine

Moncel

Limondin-Lozouët

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Measurements of this specimen were compared with an extensive sample from western Europe (Table S8) published by Guérin (), Fortelius et al . (), Mazza () and Lacombat (). The general size is visibly larger than the average data published for S. etruscus and S. hundsheimensis , and is much more comparable with Stephanorhinus hemitoechus .…”

Section: Systematics: Description Of the Remains And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements taken on bones and teeth followed the standards of von den Driesch () for artiodactyls, and Guérin () and Lacombat () for rhinoceroses. All measurements are given in millimetres.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Pleistocene large‐mammal faunas from North Iberia: palaeobiogeographical and palaeoecological implications

Álvarez-Lao

2015

Boreas

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The rich Quaternary fossil record from the Cantabrian region (NW Iberia) is virtually restricted to the Late Pleistocene, with Middle Pleistocene findings very rare. This work presents the study of two Middle Pleistocene palaeontological sites in the Cantabrian region: Llantrales quarry and Mestas de Con mine, both discovered and first described in the 1950s but never studied in detail thereafter. The material was here re‐analysed and re‐evaluated. Taxonomic attributions have been changed in most cases and, consequently, chronological assignments of the fossils have also been changed. This first detailed study of the assemblage from Llantrales quarry revealed the occurrence of the large‐sized deer Praemegaceros solilhacus, which has never been reported previously in North Iberia. Cervus cf. elaphus and Stephanorhinus cf. hundsheimensis were also identified. The age of these fossils was originally regarded as Pontian (late Miocene), but new palaeontological results indicate a much younger age, most likely from around 0.8 to 0.5 Ma. A taxonomic re‐evaluation of the fossils from Mestas de Con provided different results with respect to the 1950s works. The faunal association is composed of a large‐sized deer (probably corresponding to Praemegaceros), Cervus elaphus, Capreolus cf. capreolus, Bison sp. (small sized), Equus sp. (large sized), Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Ursus sp. and Homotherim latidens. This faunal association was evaluated within a western European context and proves to be highly analogous to other contemporary assemblages there. The chronology was initially regarded as late Villafranchian (in a broader sense). New results, documenting the co‐occurrence of Stephanorhinus hemitoechus and Homotherium latidens, indicate a more precise and younger age, most likely between 0.6 and 0.4 Ma. These two fossil assemblages provide new and relevant information on the Middle Pleistocene faunas from a geographical region where this information, compared with other western European areas, is rare and poorly known.

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“…Herbivores are dominant with 64% argali, 16% horse, 2.5–3.5% muskox, thar, bison, reindeer, deer, and rhinoceros, whereas carnivores (1.8%) are much rarer than those in the other levels. A total of 423 rhinoceros specimens were identified, according to the diagnoses proposed by Lacombat (). Hominin occupation of Level F was recurrent and seasonal, indicated by the continuous proportion of faunal species and lithics in the three sublevels (Rivals et al, ).…”

Section: Site Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. hemitoechus has relatively short limbs, a low‐slung cranium, hypsodont molars, and a reduced premolar series, indicating a landscape mostly comprising grasslands (Fortelius et al, ; van Asperen & Kahlke, ). S. hemitoechus , of which the morphology was studied in detail in the Caune de l'Arago (Lacombat, ), has a relatively large size index in MIS 12 (Lacombat, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) exploitation in Level F at the Caune de l'Arago (Tautavel, Pyrénéés‐Orientales, France) during MIS 12

Chen

Moigne

2018

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Caune de l'Arago is a Middle Pleistocene site in Southern France, where Acheulean artefacts and hominin fossils were excavated. Rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) remains from Level F (MIS 12) were studied from a zooarchaeological and taphonomic perspective to investigate the potential human exploitation of this large taxon. The well-represented butchering marks, as well as scarce carnivore marks, indicate primary access to rhinoceros carcasses by hominins. The juvenile-dominated mortality profile further suggests aggressive scavenging or occasional opportunistic hunting. Furthermore, differential skeletal representation shows that humans selectively transported the nutrient-rich body sections. In addition, thorough processing of the carcasses for consumption inside the cave is highlighted by the frequent cut marks, intensive fragmentation, and regular spatial distribution. The analyses of the Arago Level F rhinoceros confirm the rhinoceros exploitation by humans during the Lower Palaeolithic; however, the rhinoceros mortality profile differs from that of large mammals such as equids, argali, and all other game species of this archaeological layer.Caune de l'Arago is the earliest hominin site where the systematic exploitation of rhinoceros has been documented.

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Les rhinocéros fossiles des sites préhistoriques de l’Europe méditerranéenne et du Massif Central: Paléontologie et implications biochronologiques

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Palaeoenvironment and dating of the Early Acheulean localities from the Somme River basin (Northern France): New discoveries from the High Terrace at Abbeville-Carrière Carpentier

Palaeoenvironment and dating of the Early Acheulean localities from the Somme River basin (Northern France): New discoveries from the High Terrace at Abbeville-Carrière Carpentier

Middle Pleistocene large‐mammal faunas from North Iberia: palaeobiogeographical and palaeoecological implications

Rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) exploitation in Level F at the Caune de l'Arago (Tautavel, Pyrénéés‐Orientales, France) during MIS 12

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