“…Second, behind the decentralization of developments and the apparent horizontality of social relations, projects demonstrate, on the one hand, different levels of commitment ( Crowston & Howison, 2005 ), recalling the law of the power of participation ( Anderson, 2007 ), on the other hand, of a more or less strong structuring of project governance ( O'Mahony & Ferraro, 2007 ; De Laat, 2007 ). Third, and beyond the epinal image of the isolated contributor acting for his or her own pleasure and outside of any paid contract (see for example Raymond, 1999 ), the composition of the communities supporting the projects makes it possible to highlight the diversity of the actors (simple contributors or organizations, private or public) and their motivations including the access to specific assets for companies versus the pleasure of participating or learning, reputation, and even financial gain, for contributors ( Jullien & Viseur, 2021 ; Roberts et al, 2006 ; Schaarschmidt et al, 2015 ).…”