Les surcotes à Brest depuis un siècle : analyse des paramètres météorologiques influents à l'échelle locale

Bouligand, Romuald; Tabeaud, Martine

doi:10.3406/noroi.2000.7015

Cited by 4 publications

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“…On time scales of less than 1 year, the predominant forcing of sea level variations is mostly related to atmospheric variability (Tsimplis and Josey, 2001;Trigo and Davies, 2002;Wakelin et al, 2003;Tsimplis et al, 2005), including extra-tropical storms (Heyen et al, 1996;Bouligand and Pirazzoli, 1999;Bouligand and Tabeaud, 2000;Pirazzoli, 2000;Pasaric and Orlic, 2001;Svensson and Jones, 2002;Moron and Ullmann, 2005;Ullmann et al, 2007b). The atmospheric forcing leads to a sea surge defined as the difference between the observed sea level and the astronomical tide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather regimes and sea surge variations over the Gulf of Lions (French Mediterranean coast) during the 20th century

Ullmann

Moron

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Hourly sea surge variations observed at three tide-gauge stations (Grau-de-la-Dent(GD) located in the Rhône Delta, Sète(SE), and Port-Vendres(PV)) around the Gulf of Lions are strongly correlated during the wintertime period (October to March) of 1986-1995. Relationships between the early morning (6 a.m. UTC) sea surge observed at Grau-de-la-Dent station and five weather regimes -Zonal (ZO), East-Atlantic (EA), Greenland Above (GA), Blocking (BL), and Atlantic Ridge (AR) -over the northeast Atlantic and Europe (40°W-40°E, 30°-70°N) are analysed during the wintertime period of 1905-2002. More than 75% of sea surges ≥ 40 cm occur during both of the weather regimes associated with a negative North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) phase (41.2 and 34% during BL and GA weather regimes, respectively), ahead of low pressure travelling usually southeastward, on a stormtrack shifted south of 55°N. The relationships between monthly/seasonal frequency of weather regime and 75th percentile of sea surge at GD tend to strengthen during the 20th century: for example, correlation between seasonal frequencies of GA and 75th percentile of sea surge increases from 0.07 (not significant) in 1905-40 to 0.83 (signifiicant at the one-sided 99% level) in 1974-2002.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather regimes and sea surge variations over the Gulf of Lions (French Mediterranean coast) during the 20th century

Ullmann

Moron

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…A rise in sea level may be due to a multitude of factors at various time scales, e.g. atmospheric storms (Bouligand and Pirazzoli, 1999;Bouligand and Tabeaud, 2000;Pirazzoli, 2000;Trigo and Davies, 2002), or river flooding in estuaries (Svensson and Jones, 2002), but also the sinking or rising of land (and similar non-climate-related changes) linked to isostasy or the construction of buildings. Vulnerability to short-term and long-term rises in sea level is particularly high in deltaic areas (Nicholls and Hoozemans, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sea-level pressure and sea-level height in the Camargue (French Mediterranean coast)

Moron

Ullmann

2005

Int. J. Climatol.

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A statistical study of daily maximum sea-level height at one station (Grau de la Dent) in the Camargue (Rhône delta, French Mediterranean coast) and daily sea-level pressure (SLP) at 12 h UTC over the eastern North Atlantic is used to identify the meteorological conditions associated with sea-level variations in the Camargue for the winters 1974-75 to 2000-01. Mean SLP composites during and 5 days before major surge events (defined as those with a daily maximum sea-level height >80 cm) suggest the dominant influence of storms, moving northwest to southeast across the North Atlantic and strengthening as they approach the Bay of Biscay. During such storms, strong onshore winds may persist for up to 4-5 days. These winds tend to strengthen from 3 days to 1 day before the surge events. The mean October-March correlation between daily maximum sea-level height in the Camargue and SLP averaged over the Bay of Biscay (10°W-0°, 40-50°N) is strong (r = 0.69). A methodology is developed for assessing the low-frequency SLP variability impact on sea-level height in the Camargue. A cross-validated linear regression is used to hindcast the interannual and intraseasonal variability of the monthly 75th and 90th percentiles of the daily maximum sea-level height from the monthly mean SLP over the Bay of Biscay. The linear correlation between the cross-validated hindcast and observed time series is 0.83 (0.77) for the 75th (90th) percentile on the 1974-75 to 2000-01 period. The mean bias error, reflecting systematic errors in predicting the monthly percentiles, is close to zero.

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“…The temporal evolution of the meteorologically induced NTR obtained from a hindcasted output reveals negative trends over the whole period, more intense for the higher percentiles in the inner sector of the Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean. Several articles have emphasized the opposite trends of sea level extremes and the strength of the meteorological forcing; the former are increasing, driven by changes in mean sea level (Camuffo, 1993;Bouligand and Pirazzoli, 1999;Bouligand and Tabeaud, 2000;Camuffo et al, 2000) while the latter are decreasing (Trigo and Davies, 2002;Pirazzoli, 2000;Pirazzoli et al, 2004;Raicich, 2003Raicich, , 2010Tsimplis and Shaw, 2010;Marcos et al, 2009). Regarding the meteorological forcing, we found the same picture for the Iberian Peninsula, caused by an increase in the frequency of anticyclonic patterns and, more importantly, a generalized increase in background SLP, as well as, minor but regionally-sensitive changes in other internal properties of the CPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have focused on the links between the inter-annual and long-term variation of the frequency and magnitude of storm surges and their forcing mechanisms, for example in the German Bight (Von Storch and Reichardt, 1997), British Isles (Holt, 1999;Woodworth and Blackman, 2002), French coast (Bouligand and Pirazzoli, 1999;Bouligand and Tabeaud, 2000;Pirazzoli, 2000;Betts et al, 2004;Pirazzoli et al, 2006), the Mediterranean sea, either the Adriatic (Camuffo, 1993;Pasaric and Orlic, 2001;Pirazzoli and Tomasin, 2002;Trigo and Davies, 2002;Raicich, 2003;Bergant et al, 2005;Raicich 2010) or the Gulf of Lion (Ullmann et al, 2007). Outside Europe, there are analogous studies from the eastern coast of the United States (Zhang et al, 2000;Colle et al, 2010), the Rio de la Plata estuary (Escobar et al, 2004) or New Zealand (de Lange and Gibb, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and local scale atmospheric forcing upon sea level along the coast of SW Europe

Álvarez

García-Codron

2013

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Sea level height variability along the coast of southwestern Europe is analyzed in relation with local and regional scale atmospheric forcing mechanisms. A circulation type (CP) catalogue, derived from a combination of principal component analysis and cluster analysis was used to characterize the regional scale atmospheric circulation, whereas the local scale was highlighted through the analysis of hourly wind records during extreme events. A large portion of common anomalous sea level variability at 6‐hourly time frame can be explained by the effect of one CP, depicting a deep extra‐tropical disturbance, close to the Iberian Peninsula, which represents the dominance of the inverse barometer mechanism. Other CPs can induce occasionally similar effects, but showing a spatially restricted scope, in relationship with the location of the main centres of action. Embedded into this synoptic framework, a local forcing, related to both meteorological processes (wind set up) and coastal oceanographic features (depth of the continental shelf) usually control the timing and less frequently, the magnitude of the surges. The decreasing trend observed in the magnitude of the sea level residuals derived from a hindcast model as well as some spatial differences (more intense trend in the upper percentiles along the northern Spain and Mediterranean coasts) can also be explained by long‐term changes in the frequency, and specially, in the internal variability of the CPs, which might be linked to the recent positive phase and eastward displacement of the southern node of the North Atlantic Oscillation. An overall increase in sea level pressure, detected in all CPs, has been accompanied by significant increases in types characterized by anticyclones over the Iberian Peninsula and decreases of northerly flows, related to a reduction of the number of cyclones passing through the Gulf of Biscay and the Western Mediterranean Basin.

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Les surcotes à Brest depuis un siècle : analyse des paramètres météorologiques influents à l'échelle locale

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Weather regimes and sea surge variations over the Gulf of Lions (French Mediterranean coast) during the 20th century

Weather regimes and sea surge variations over the Gulf of Lions (French Mediterranean coast) during the 20th century

Relationship between sea-level pressure and sea-level height in the Camargue (French Mediterranean coast)

Regional and local scale atmospheric forcing upon sea level along the coast of SW Europe

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