“…Relevant examples include: the perfects Oscan fufens ‘they were’, upsens ‘they made’, Vestinian ośins ‘they made, Palignian coisatens ‘they took care of’, Umbrian eitipens ‘they decided’ and ‘Volscian’ sistiatiens ‘they established’; and the subjunctives Oscan pútíans ‘that they are able’ (present subjunctive), tríbarakattíns ‘that they build’ (perfect subjunctive), patensíns ‘that they might show’ (imperfect subjunctive), Umbrian dirsans ‘that they give’ (present subjunctive), sis / sins ‘that they might be’ (present subjunctive). The standard explanation of this personal ending (for example Buck : 81; Meiser : 102; Martzloff : 65 n. 8) is that original *‐nd (from PIE *‐nt ) underwent a sound change to *‐n in Proto‐Sabellian, which was then remarked by the addition of *‐s . As we saw in section 3.3, the South Picene ending ‐ úh and Pre‐Samnite ‐od argue against a Proto‐Sabellian change of *‐nd > *‐n , and indeed the only other evidence in support of it is the derivation of the Sabellian gerundive ending (found in formations such as Oscan úpsannam ‘to be made’) from original *‐ndo‐ , parallel to the Latin gerundive ending ‐ndus .…”