Les unités pastorales du Sahel sénégalais, outils de gestion de l’élevage et des espaces pastoraux

Wane, Abdrahmane; Ancey, Véronique; Grosdidier, B.

doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.3292

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results (Figure 6.6), show the loss of profit due to the use of land-degrading practices. The transhumant pastoral system is dominated by the Fulani and the Tuareg (Wane 2005), and overgrazing is a major problem in the Sahelian zone, where the largest share of livestock population is located. Although relatively lower than in other case study countries, the stocking rate in Niger is increasing (Figure 6.7).…”

Section: Nigermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought Toward an Integrated Global Assessment

et al. 2011

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.

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Section: Nigermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought Toward an Integrated Global Assessment

et al. 2011

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“…« Nomads are a nuisance, and not only to a centralising State: they are awkward even for theory... » (Gellner, 1981, cité par Pouillon [1990). Le rôle crucial des échanges entre les économies pastorales et « l'extérieur » est désormais reconnu (Khazanov, 1984 ;Kerven, 1992 ;Wane et al, 2010), qu'il s'agisse de razzias, d'échanges sur les marchés, d'interactions avec les agriculteurs ou encore de migrations. Les capacités d'adaptation pastorales sont démontrées non seulement face aux aléas naturels, mais aussi face aux opportunités économiques et techniques.…”

Section: Des Systèmes D'information Mis Au Service De La Capacité Autunclassified

Comment se construit l’invisibilité des populations pastorales au Sahel : l’expérience de la crise alimentaire de 2005 au Niger

Ancey

2016

Cah. Agric.

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Résumé -Au Sahel, les systèmes d'information élaborés et perfectionnés depuis les années 1980 n'ont pas suffi aux politiques nationales et aux actions d'urgence internationales pour gérer la spécificité des populations pastorales. Cette inadéquation renvoie aux difficultés historiques des administrations à prendre en compte la gestion commune des ressources naturelles et la mobilité des troupeaux. Elle s'explique en partie seulement par les limites des systèmes d'information, le manque de moyens ou un défaut de coordination au sein des politiques nationales et régionales. À partir de l'expérience de la crise alimentaire de 2005 au Niger et d'une quinzaine d'années de travaux de terrain au Sahel, ce texte montre comment s'est construite « l'invisibilité » des pasteurs : d'un côté, les schémas de pensée sous-jacents aux systèmes d'information n'aident pas les politiques à gérer les spécificités au coeur de la reproduction des systèmes pastoraux. Mais, d'un autre côté, la stratégie d'évitement des populations pastorales qui leur a historiquement permis d'échapper aux contraintes exercées par l'administration les dessert aujourd'hui en compromettant leur capacité à peser sur des débats fondamentaux au sein de leurs pays. Au-delà, le cas singulier du pastoralisme mérite de susciter l'attention de recherches pluridisciplinaires et de politiques prenant en compte une gestion durable des espaces, des ressources et du vivant, dans un monde exposé à de profondes mutations économiques et climatiques. food crisis in Niger. In the Sahel, the information systems built and improved since the 1980s have not allowed development policies and emergency actions to take into account some specific traits of the pastoral populations. This inadequacy goes back to historical background and partly addresses the limitations of the information systems, the lack of means or the weak coordination within and between national and regional politics. The administration struggles to cope with the common management of natural resources and the mobility of herds. Empirically grounded on a fieldwork following the 2005 food crisis in Niger and on 15 years of field enquiries in the Sahel, this article intends to demonstrate how pastoral populations have become "invisible". On the one hand, the underpinning schemes in the information systems do not help the policies managing the specific traits at the core of the reproduction of the pastoral systems. On the other hand, the pastoral population's avoidance strategy, which has historically allowed them to escape from pressure exerted by the administration, currently hinders their ability to influence fundamental debates within their countries. The singular case of pastoralism should raise awareness of multidisciplinary research and politics concerned with the sustainable management of space, resources and living within a world confronted with deep economic and climate changes.

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“…The settlement is the unit of management of one cattle herd. The sheep and goat flocks are managed at the galle or household level (Corniaux et al 2006;Wane et al 2009). The pastoral settlements may also organize long-distance transhumance, engaging parts of the livestock and of the family, going from 50 km inside the Ferlo area to hundreds of kilometres towards agricultural areas in the south, such as Saloum (Dia 2009).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the families organized in settlements have different ways to manage their herds, from individual to collective managements, so there is the possibility of modifying the workforce and management structure as labour or economic needs evolve. This flexibility in labour and management allocation is considered another means of livelihood security for settlements (Corniaux et al 2006;Ancey et al 2007;Wane et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do pastoral families combine livestock herds with other livelihood security means to survive? The case of the Ferlo area in Senegal

Manoli

Ancey

Corniaux³

et al. 2014

Pastor Res Policy Pract

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Reducing vulnerability to hazards is a major challenge for pastoral settlements in the dry lands of sub-Saharan Africa. Accumulation of a stock of living animals is a major means of livelihood security that pastoralists use to cope with their constraints, amongst which is high environmental variability. Diversification and long-distance mobility are other means of livelihood security, implying specific family organization. We analysed the combination of these means in ensuring the livelihood security of 508 familial settlements in the rural community of Ferlo, Tessekre (Senegal). At least 40% of the settlements surveyed were small pastoral families, composed of one or two households with small herds (less than 50 cows and 50 sheep). Herds were the major means of livelihood security, but due to lack of a sufficient labour and other assets, the situation of these impoverished families was very precarious. In 28% of the settlements, families combined livestock, crops and non-farming activities as livelihood means. The remaining 32% of the settlements were pastoral settlements supported by large cattle herds and, in many cases, the production of Aïd el Kebir rams (for the major Muslim religious event). Non-farming activities were also present in these settlements with large herds, especially activities in the livestock trade. Diversification can reinforce the function of herds as savings accounts and might also enable the pastoralists to invest in livestock activities. There were three groups of settlements based on the characterization of livelihood security strategies used by pastoral herders. Over time, pastoralists have to utilize several means of security to cope with climatic shocks such as droughts, and familial events such as the death of the familial chief. Family organization (dispersal or grouping), diversification and mobility are important means used to recover after major losses of animals.

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Les unités pastorales du Sahel sénégalais, outils de gestion de l’élevage et des espaces pastoraux

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought Toward an Integrated Global Assessment

The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought Toward an Integrated Global Assessment

Comment se construit l’invisibilité des populations pastorales au Sahel : l’expérience de la crise alimentaire de 2005 au Niger

How do pastoral families combine livestock herds with other livelihood security means to survive? The case of the Ferlo area in Senegal

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