Lesions and Distribution of Viral Antigen in the Brain of Hamsters Infected With Equine Herpesvirus (EHV)–9, EHV-1 Strain Ab4p, and Zebra-Borne EHV-1

El‐Habashi, Nagwan; El‐Nahass, El‐Shaymaa; Abd-Ellatieff, Hoda A.; Saleh, Asmaa G.; Abas, Osama; Tsuchiya, Yuya; Fukushi, Hideto; Yanai, Tokuma

doi:10.1177/0300985818825129

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While there are differences in the pathogenesis of EqAHV1 between Syrian hamsters and horses, hamsters are highly susceptible to EqAHV1 and can develop severe neurological and respiratory diseases. Thus, they have been used to study the pathogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy of attenuated strains ( 38 – 40 ). This study demonstrated that the ΔUL24/TK/gp2 strain elicited a robust protective anti-EqAHV1 immune response in hamsters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a live attenuated vaccine candidate for equid alphaherpesvirus 1 control: a step towards efficient protection

Hu,

Wu,

Jia

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1) is a viral pathogen known to cause respiratory disease, neurologic syndromes, and abortion storms in horses. Currently, there are no vaccines that provide complete protection against EqAHV1. Marker vaccines and the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy are effective for preventing and controlling outbreaks but have not been used for the prevention of EqAHV1 infection. Glycoprotein 2 (gp2), located on the envelope of viruses (EqAHV1), exhibits high antigenicity and functions as a molecular marker for DIVA. In this study, a series of EqAHV1 mutants with deletion of gp2 along with other virulence genes (TK, UL24/TK, gI/gE) were engineered. The mutant viruses were studied in vitro and then in an in vivo experiment using Golden Syrian hamsters to assess the extent of viral attenuation and the immune response elicited by the mutant viruses in comparison to the wild-type (WT) virus. Compared with the WT strain, the YM2019 Δgp2, ΔTK/gp2, and ΔUL24/TK/gp2 strains exhibited reduced growth in RK-13 cells, while the ΔgI/gE/gp2 strain exhibited significantly impaired proliferation. The YM2019 Δgp2 strain induced clinical signs and mortality in hamsters. In contrast, the YM2019 ΔTK/gp2 and ΔUL24/TK/gp2 variants displayed diminished pathogenicity, causing no observable clinical signs or fatalities. Immunization with nasal vaccines containing YM2019 ΔTK/gp2 and ΔUL24/TK/gp2 elicited a robust immune response in hamsters. In particular, compared with the vaccine containing the ΔTK/gp2 strain, the vaccine containing the ΔUL24/TK/gp2 strain demonstrated enhanced immune protection upon challenge with the WT virus. Furthermore, an ELISA for gp2 was established and refined to accurately differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals. These results confirm that the ΔUL24/TK/gp2 strain is a safe and effective live attenuated vaccine candidate for controlling EqAHV1 infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a live attenuated vaccine candidate for equid alphaherpesvirus 1 control: a step towards efficient protection

Hu,

Wu,

Jia

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Animal models for EHV infection have been specially developed using mice ( Azmi and Field, 1993 ; El-Habashi et al, 2011 , 2019 ; Mesquita et al, 2017 ). In the present study, the donkey/Shandong/10/2021 EHV-8 can induce a neurological disease in the mice model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Viral Encephalitis in Donkeys by Equid Herpesvirus 8 in China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The equine herpesvirus type 8 (EHV-8) can cause significant economic losses in the global horses and donkey industry. The disease has been associated with abortion and respiratory symptoms. However, it is rare for a study to be reported about donkeys with neurological diseases induced by EHV-8 infection. In the present study, one 2-year-old male donkey, from a large-scale donkey farm in China, died with a severe neurological disorder. The causative agent, donkey/Shandong/10/2021 (GenBank accession: OL856098), was identified and isolated from the brain tissue of the dead donkey. Meanwhile, BALB/c mice were used as an animal model to evaluate the pathogenicity of the EHV-8 isolate. Our data showed that EHV-8 was positive in brains by PCR and immunohistochemistry, which induced typical viral encephalitis lesions in both donkey and mice consistent with clinical signs. For the first time, we reported that EHV-8 had been isolated from donkeys with a neurological illness in China, which is helpful to reveal the pathogenicity of EHV-8 in the donkey.

show abstract

“…11,45,46,53 Thus, the lesions caused by EHV-1 or EHV-9 in non-equid species are very similar to A4/72 and A9/92 EHV-1 infection in mice, and similar changes were also described in the hamster model. 12,33 Therefore, the model presented here might also be useful in aiding to understand the pathogenesis of EHV-1 infection in non-equid species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in the Central Nervous System of Mice

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes myeloencephalopathy in horses and occasionally in non-equid species. Although mouse models have been developed to understand EHV-1 pathogenesis, few EHV-1 strains have been identified as highly neurovirulent to mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis of 2 neurovirulent EHV-1 strains in mice, and to characterize the inflammatory cells and expression of chemokines and the apoptosis marker caspase-3 in the brain of infected mice. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intranasally with EHV-1 strains A4/72 or A9/92 and evaluated on 1, 2, and 3 days post inoculation (DPI). EHV-1-infected mice showed severe neurological signs at 3 DPI. Ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous viral nucleocapsids and fewer enveloped virions within degenerated and necrotic neurons and in the surrounding neuropil. Histologically, at 3 DPI, there was severe diffuse neuronal degeneration and liquefactive necrosis, prominent microgliosis, and perivascular cuffing composed of CD3+ cells (T cells) and Iba-1+ cells (macrophages), mainly in the olfactory bulb and ventral portions of the brain. In these areas, moderate numbers of neuroglial cells expressed CCL5 and CCL2 chemokines. Numerous neurons, including those in less affected areas, were immunolabeled for cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, neurovirulent EHV-1 strains induced a fulminant necrotizing lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis in mice, with microgliosis and expression of chemokines and caspase-3. This model will be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the extensive neuropathology induced by these viral infections.

show abstract

Lesions and Distribution of Viral Antigen in the Brain of Hamsters Infected With Equine Herpesvirus (EHV)–9, EHV-1 Strain Ab4p, and Zebra-Borne EHV-1

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Development of a live attenuated vaccine candidate for equid alphaherpesvirus 1 control: a step towards efficient protection

Development of a live attenuated vaccine candidate for equid alphaherpesvirus 1 control: a step towards efficient protection

The Emergence of Viral Encephalitis in Donkeys by Equid Herpesvirus 8 in China

Pathogenesis of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in the Central Nervous System of Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About