Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

Zola‐Morgan, Stuart; Squire, Larry R.; Amaral, David G.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-03-00898.1989

Cited by 269 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…been shown to decrease delay-related firing in PFC neurons (Fuster 1973). Performance following the longest delays in this study likely involved prefrontal cortex interactions with hippocampal and medial temporal cortical regions, as the hippocampal complex is needed for delays greater than 10 seconds (Zola-Morgan et al 1989). The finding that clonidine did not differentially improve performance at long delays argues against drug actions in the medial temporal lobe.…”

Section: Delay Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Franowicz

Arnsten

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Section: Delay Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Franowicz

Arnsten

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…This tract provides the major route from the hippocampal formation to the medial diencephalon. The various studies have reported either mild impairments (e.g., Saunders 1983; Gaffan 1994a), or no apparent deficit (e.g., Bachevalier et al 1985a,b;Zola-Morgan et al 1989;Charles et al 2004) following fornix lesions. It is evident (Fig.…”

Section: Nonhuman Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Aggleton¹,

Dumont²,

Warburton³

2011

Learn. Mem.

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Both clinical investigations and studies with animals reveal nuclei within the diencephalon that are vital for recognition memory (the judgment of prior occurrence). This review seeks to identify these nuclei and to consider why they might be important for recognition memory. Despite the lack of clinical cases with circumscribed pathology within the diencephalon and apparent species differences, convergent evidence from a variety of sources implicates a subgroup of medial diencephalic nuclei. It is supposed that the key functional interactions of this subgroup of diencephalic nuclei are with the medial temporal lobe, the prefrontal cortex, and with cingulate regions. In addition, some of the clinical evidence most readily supports dual-process models of recognition, which assume two independent cognitive processes (recollective-based and familiarity-based) that combine to direct recognition judgments. From this array of information a "multi-effect multinuclei" model is proposed, in which the mammillary bodies and the anterior thalamic nuclei are of preeminent importance for recollective-based recognition. The medial dorsal thalamic nucleus is thought to contribute to familiarity-based recognition, but this nucleus, along with various midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, is also assumed to have broader, indirect effects upon both recollective-based and familiarity-based recognition.Clinical studies repeatedly show that diencephalic pathology can impair recognition memory. Even so, there is no agreed locus within the diencephalon responsible for this memory loss and, hence, no agreed mechanism to explain the impairment. The present review examines both clinical and animal findings, and from this information a multi-effect multi-nuclei (MEMN) model emerges to explain the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory.At the outset, it is necessary to refine the focus of this review and to define some of its principal terms. The diencephalon comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus but, as will be explained, only the more medial parts of the diencephalon will be considered in detail. Recognition memory refers to the ability to detect whether a stimulus (e.g., a word, face, picture, object, or sound) has previously been encountered. As a consequence, this review is not about item identification (sometimes also confusingly referred to as recognition). Likewise, conditions that have broad disruptive effects on cognition, e.g., dementia, will not be considered even though recognition is typically impaired. Distinctions will be made between "item recognition," where the task is to determine if an individual item is novel or familiar, and "associative recognition," where all the individual items being experienced are familiar, but their particular combination is novel. A further, distinct ability is "recency" discrimination-the ability to determine which of two familiar stimuli has been experienced more recently. Both studies of amnesia and electrophysiological recordings show how recency memory and recogniti...

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“…This suggests that the hippocampus plays a critical role in memory processes and that the hippocampal integrity is affected during normal aging. Aged non-human primates performed poorly compared to young monkeys on a number of tasks that are sensitive to deficits in memory (e.g., delayed response and delayed non-match to sample) [5,21,23,26,27,36,38]. Deficits on those tasks, which are sensitive to aging in monkeys, are produced by damage to the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus [5,21,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary changes in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of the aging rhesus monkey

Keuker

Luiten

Fuchs

2000

Acta Neuropathologica

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Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 13-05-2018Abstract The rhesus monkey is considered a useful animal model for studying human aging, because non-human primates show many of the neurobiological alterations that have been reported in aging humans. Cognitive impairment that accompanies normal aging may, at least partially, originate from capillary changes in the hippocampus, known to be involved in learning and memory. Agerelated effects on the cerebral capillaries in the nonhuman primate hippocampus have not yet been studied. Therefore, we investigated age-related microvascular changes in the hippocampus of the aged non-human primate. We examined by electron microscopy the microvascular ultrastructure in the CA1 and CA3 areas of 14 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), ranging from 1 to 31 years of age. The percentages of capillaries showing basement membrane thickening and deposits of collagen in the basement membrane were determined semiquantitatively in 4 young (1-6 years), 6 middle-aged (17-24 years), and 4 aged (29-31 years) monkeys. Aberrations in the basement membrane are few in young subjects (28 ± 6% of capillaries), and occur with increasing frequency during the aging process in rhesus monkeys (aged animals: 71 ± 5% of capillaries). This could be ascribed to an aging-associated increasing number of capillaries showing depositions of collagen fibrils, rather than local thickenings of the basement membrane. The observed changes in microvascular integrity are very similar to those seen in humans, supporting the view of rhesus monkeys as a model for human aging. The slow but steady progression of these changes could be detrimental for an efficient nutrient supply of the neuropil, and might therefore contribute to decreased cognitive functioning during normal aging.

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Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

Cited by 269 publications

References 51 publications

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Capillary changes in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of the aging rhesus monkey

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