Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus area of the hypothalamus disrupt the suprachiasmatic→ spinal cord circuit in the melatonin rhythm generating system

Klein, David C.; Smoot, Rory L.; Weller, Joan L.; Higa, Sadayoshi; Markey, Sanford P.; Creed, G. Joseph; Jacobowitz, David M.

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(83)90033-3

Cited by 225 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This was followed up with numerous experimental studies on melatonin regulation and elucidations of the relevant mechanism (Klein et al, 1983;Nelson and Takahashi, 1991;Brainard et al, 1997). Lewy et al (1980) were the first to demonstrate MS induced by lighting in humans; the light stimulus employed then was 2500-lux bright white light.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A light stimulus influences MS via signal reception at the retina, which transmits impulses along the retinohypothalamic tract, then circumvents further the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), paraventricular nucleus, intermediolateral cell column and superior cervical ganglion, to eventually arrive at the pineal body (Klein et al, 1983;. Neural regions affecting the central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), motor, hormone and immune systems are extensively distributed along the transmission pathway; thus lighting may affect an extensive range of physiological functions as possible non-visual effects (Yasukouchi and Ejima, 1998;Yasukouchi et al, 2000;Berson, 2003;CIE, 2004).…”

Section: Variations In the Light-induced Suppression Of Nocturnal Melmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in the Light-induced Suppression of Nocturnal Melatonin with Special Reference to Variations in the Pupillary Light Reflex in Humans

Yasukouchi

Hazama

Kozaki

2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variations In the Light-induced Suppression Of Nocturnal Melmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Light-induced Suppression of Nocturnal Melatonin with Special Reference to Variations in the Pupillary Light Reflex in Humans

Yasukouchi

Hazama

Kozaki

2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…According to Klein et al (1983), visual information received by the retina is transferred to a suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and then further transferred to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and reticular formation. Finally, it reaches the pineal body, which controls the secretion of melatonin.…”

Section: Effect Of Light Conditions On the Cizmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Season and Light Intensity on the Core Interthreshold Zone

Kakitsuba

Mekjavic

Katsuura

2011

J Physiol Anthropol

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The hypothesis tested in the present study is a seasonal difference in the core interthreshold zone (CIZ), as we suggested in an earlier study that individual awareness of heat may change the CIZ due to thermoregulatory behavior. A series of human experiments were carried out in a climatic chamber in January and August of 2009 and January of 2010. The air temperature in the chamber was controlled at 20-24°C. Subjects wore a water-perfused suit that was perfused with 25°C water at a rate of 600 cc/min. They exercised on an ergometer at 50% of their maximum work rate for 10-15 min until their sweating rate increased and then remained seated without exercise until oxygen uptake increased. Subjects' rectal temperature and skin temperatures at four sites were monitored by thermistors. The sweating rate was measured at the forehead with a sweat rate monitor (SKD 4000, Skinos Co.). Oxygen uptake was monitored with a gas analyzer (Respiromonitor RM-300i, Minato Med. Science Co.). In the 2009 winter experiment, 5 male subjects were exposed to lighting of 36 cd/m 2 /1,050 lx, and in the 2009 summer and 2010 winter experiments, 10 male subjects were exposed to lighting of 18 cd/m2/510 lx. The results showed that the CIZ of 0.69Ϯ0. 29°C (nϭ22, data from 2005-2007 experiments) at 36 cd/m 2 and that of 0.37Ϯ0.17°C (nϭ10) at 18 cd/m 2 in summer were greater than the CIZ of 0.37Ϯ0.13°C (nϭ5) at 36 cd/m 2 and that of 0.18Ϯ0.17°C (nϭ10) at 18 cd/m 2 in winter, and thus demonstrated a seasonal difference in the CIZ as well as an effect of lighting conditions on the CIZ.

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“…Direct projections have been traced from the SCN to the medial preoptic area (MPOA), supraoptic nucleus (SON), anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH), and the lateral septum and the arcuate (Arc). The SCN also projects to the pineal through a multisynaptic pathway (Klein, 1985;Klein et al, 1983). There is abundant evidence for direct neural SCN control of neuroendocrine cell populations (Buijs et al, 1998(Buijs et al, , 2003Egli et al, 2004;Gerhold et al, 2001;Horvath, 1997;Horvath et al, 1998;Kalsbeek and Buijs, 2002;Kalsbeek et al, 1996aKalsbeek et al, ,b, 2000Kriegsfeld et al, 2002a, b;Van der Beek et al, 1993, 1997bVrang et al, 1995).…”

Section: Neural Control Of Neurosecretory Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Kriegsfeld

Silver

2006

Hormones and Behavior

131

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Hormone secretion is highly organized temporally, achieving optimal biological functioning and health. The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates the timing of circadian rhythms, including daily control of hormone secretion. In the brain, the SCN drives hormone secretion. In some instances, SCN neurons make direct synaptic connections with neurosecretory neurons. In other instances, SCN signals set the phase of "clock genes" that regulate circadian function at the cellular level within neurosecretory cells. The protein products of these clock genes can also exert direct transcriptional control over neuroendocrine releasing factors. Clock genes and proteins are also expressed in peripheral endocrine organs providing additional modes of temporal control. Finally, the SCN signals endocrine glands via the autonomic nervous system, allowing for rapid regulation via multisynaptic pathways. Thus, the circadian system achieves temporal regulation of endocrine function by a combination of genetic, cellular, and neural regulatory mechanisms to ensure that each response occurs in its correct temporal niche. The availability of tools to assess the phase of molecular/cellular clocks and of powerful tract tracing methods to assess connections between "clock cells" and their targets provides an opportunity to examine circadian-controlled aspects of neurosecretion, in the search for general principles by which the endocrine system is organized. KeywordsCircadian; Diurnal; Endocrinel; Neurosecretion; Clock genes; Suprachiasmatic Circadian aspects of reproductionThe importance of circadian (about a day) timing in hormone production/secretion has been known since the 1950s when Everett and Sawyer determined that a stimulatory signal occurring during a narrow temporal window on the afternoon of proestrus is necessary for induction of ovulation later that night (Everett and Sawyer, 1950). Such close temporal organization is important for successful reproduction, as numerous hormone-dependent behavioral and physiological processes must be coordinated. If optimal temporal relationships are disrupted, pronounced deficits in fertility can result. For example, ovulation, behavioral estrus, fertilization, and pregnancy maintenance require a specific

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Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus area of the hypothalamus disrupt the suprachiasmatic→ spinal cord circuit in the melatonin rhythm generating system

Cited by 225 publications

References 15 publications

Variations in the Light-induced Suppression of Nocturnal Melatonin with Special Reference to Variations in the Pupillary Light Reflex in Humans

Variations in the Light-induced Suppression of Nocturnal Melatonin with Special Reference to Variations in the Pupillary Light Reflex in Humans

The Effect of Season and Light Intensity on the Core Interthreshold Zone

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

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