Less Air Pollution Leads to Rapid Reduction of Airway Inflammation and Improved Airway Function in Asthmatic Children.

The role of non‐invasive biomarkers in detecting acute respiratory effects of traffic‐related air pollution

“…The low number of subjects (n = 5) limits the strength of their finding. Moreover, compared with most investigations [12][13][14], Larsson et al [15] found unaltered lung function after exposure. According to Barraza-Villarreal et al [13], non-asthmatic and asthmatic children have a different susceptibility to traffic-related pollution: increased IL-8 levels were associated with exposure to PM and NO 2 in non-asthmatic, whereas they were associated with O 3 exposure in asthmatics.…”

“…However, the dilution rate has to be considered when interpreting the results, and there is a risk of washout of material with repeated sampling. Nine studies about short-term effects of air pollution exposure performing nasal biomarkers were identified [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (Table 2). Using an experimental exposure to 0.2 ppm of O 3 for 4 h, Nightingale et al [10] measured nasal NO in healthy volunteers and atopic asthmatics to assess acute effects of O 3 .…”

“…The effects of several pollutants on NAL cells and cytokines were considered in studies with environmental exposure at different lag time between pollution exposure and biomarker measurements. The populations more studied were represented by children [12][13][14]. Steerenberg et al [12] observed an increase in inflammatory nasal markers measured in urban-located children compared with suburban-located children.…”

“…According to Barraza-Villarreal et al [13], non-asthmatic and asthmatic children have a different susceptibility to traffic-related pollution: increased IL-8 levels were associated with exposure to PM and NO 2 in non-asthmatic, whereas they were associated with O 3 exposure in asthmatics. The study of Renzetti et al [14] focused in particular on nasal eosinophil count and proved that it is a sensitive biomarker to monitor pollution-induced airway inflammation in allergic children, decreasing to virtually normal levels just 1 week after real-life relocation from a more polluted urban environment to a less polluted rural environment.…”

Impact of the Environment on Asthma Control

“…Air pollution can cause significant health risks, such as airway inflammation for children with chronic respiratory problems (Renzetti et al, 2009). In Renzetti et al's study, allergic asthma children's response to outdoor air pollution was measured.…”