In this paper, a non-fragile fault-tolerant control strategy is developed for a class of Markovian jump systems against actuator and sensor faults. By taking the sensor fault as an augmented state, the original system is transformed into a descriptor one. Then, an adaptive observer is designed for the descriptor system to simultaneously estimate the states, actuator fault and sensor fault. Moreover, a non-fragile fault-tolerant controller is designed to stabilize the resulting closed-loop system, by using the information of the actuator fault reconstruction. Owing to the non-fragile property, this controller proves to be highly stable against its intrinsic perturbations. Sufficient conditions of the existence of the designed observer and fault-tolerant controller are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a practical example of F-404 aircraft is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.