Less screen time and more frequent vigorous physical activity is associated with lower risk of reporting negative mental health symptoms among Icelandic adolescents

Hrafnkelsdóttir, Soffia M.; Brychta, Robert J.; Rögnvaldsdóttir, Vaka; Gestsdóttir, Sunna; Chen, Kong Y.; Jóhannsson, Erlingur; Guðmundsdóttir, Sigríður Lára; Arngrímsson, Sigurbjörn Á.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196286

Cited by 94 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The results of studies demonstrating an association between ST exposures and psychological outcomes primarily suggest that high levels of ST are associated with poorer mental health across a range of exposures and outcomes. In particular, high ST was mostly associated with higher levels of depression/depressive symptoms [ 162 , 164 , 165 , 168 – 170 , 174 ] and anxiety/anxiety symptoms [ 165 , 170 , 176 ] for older adolescents. One study found a non-linear, U-shaped association between ST and mental health, whereby TV watching, gaming, using computers, and using smart phones above inflection points was associated with poorer mental health, but engaging with ST activities within moderate ranges appeared to be linked to mental well-being [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Table 6 presents the results for studies looking at associations between ST (13 studies) or GT (4 studies) and psychological outcomes in older adolescents [22,42,[162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176]. Studies of older adolescents comprised a total of 155,418 participants in the ST studies, 1,053 participants in the GT studies, and 2,065 participants in studies exploring both ST and GT together.…”

Section: Older Adolescents (15-18 Years)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2020

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Technological developments in recent decades have increased young people's engagement with screen-based technologies (screen time), and a reduction in young people's contact with nature (green time) has been observed concurrently. This combination of high screen time and low green time may affect mental health and well-being. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to collate evidence assessing associations between screen time, green time, and psychological outcomes (including mental health, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement) for young children (<5 years), schoolchildren (5-11 years), early adolescents (12-14 years), and older adolescents (15-18 years). Original quantitative studies were identified in four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase), resulting in 186 eligible studies. A third of included studies were undertaken in Europe and almost as many in the United States. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (62%). In general, high levels of screen time appeared to be associated with unfavourable psychological outcomes while green time appeared to be associated with favourable psychological outcomes. The ways screen time and green time were conceptualised and measured were highly heterogeneous, limiting the ability to synthesise the literature. The preponderance of cross-sectional studies with broadly similar findings, despite heterogeneous exposure measures, suggested results were not artefacts. However, additional high-quality longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are needed to make a compelling case for causal relationships. Different developmental stages appeared to shape which exposures and outcomes were salient. Young people from low socioeconomic backgrounds may be disproportionately affected by high screen time and low green time. Future research should distinguish between passive and interactive screen activities, and incidental versus purposive exposure to nature. Few studies considered screen time and green time together, and possible reciprocal psychological effects. However, there is preliminary evidence that green time could buffer consequences of high screen time, therefore nature may be an under-utilised public health resource for youth psychological well-being in a high-tech era.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Older Adolescents (15-18 Years)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2020

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“…Students provided the educational attainment of both mother and father from the following options (presented in Icelandic): 1 = “elementary degree”, 2 = “secondary degree”, 3 = “trade school degree”, 4 = “university degree”, 5 = “other”, 6 = “do not know”, 7 = “do not want to answer”. For the current analysis, responses were recoded into a binary variable: 1 = “parent with a university degree” or 0 = “no parent with a university degree”, as described previously [30]. Information on day length (hours of day light) was obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory Solar Calculator [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

Rögnvaldsdóttir

Brychta

Hrafnkelsdóttir

et al. 2020

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24Background 25 Sleep and physical activity are modifiable behaviors that play an important role in preventing 26 overweight, obesity, and metabolic health problems. Studies of the association between 27 concurrent objective measures of sleep, physical activity, and metabolic risk factors among 28 adolescents are limited. 29 Objective 30The aim of the study was to examine the association between metabolic risk factors and 31 objectively measured school day physical activity and sleep duration, quality, onset, and 32 variability in adolescents. 34 We measured one school week of free-living sleep and physical activity with wrist actigraphy 35 in 252 adolescents (146 girls), aged 15.8±0.3 years. Metabolic risk factors included body mass 36 index, waist circumference, total body and trunk fat percentage, resting blood pressure, and 37 fasting glucose and insulin levels. Multiple linear regression adjusted for sex, parental 38 education, and day length was used to assess associations between metabolic risk factors and 39 sleep and activity parameters. 33 Materials and Methods40 Results 41On average, participants went to bed at 00:22±0.88 hours and slept 6.2±0.7 hours/night, with 42 0.83±0.36 hours of awakenings/night. However, night-to-night variability in sleep duration 43 (0.87±0.57 hours) and bedtime (0.79±0.58 hours) was considerable. Neither average sleep 44 duration nor mean bedtime was associated with any metabolic risk factors. However, greater 45 night-to-night variability in sleep duration was associated with higher total body (β=1.9±0.9 3 46 %/h, p=0.03) and trunk fat percentage (β=1.6±0.7 %/h, p=0.02), poorer sleep quality (more 47 hours of awakening) was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (β=4.9±2.2 mmHg/h, 48 p=0.03), and less physical activity was associated with higher trunk fat percentage (p=0.04) and 49 insulin levels (p=0.01). 50 Conclusion 51Greater nightly variation in sleep, lower sleep quality, and less physical activity was associated 52 with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents. These findings support the idea that, 53 along with an adequate amount of sleep and physical activity, a regular sleep schedule is 54 important to the metabolic health of adolescents. 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 4 70 71The prevalence of overweight in the world has nearly tripled from 1975-2016, with over 72 39% of adults and 18% of children and adolescents being overweight or obese [1]. Greater total 73 body and central adiposity is associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic comorbidities, 74 such as hypertension and diabetes [2, 3]. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among 75 obese children and adolescents and increases with higher central obesity [4]. Along with diet, 76 sleep and physical activity have been identified as important modifiable risk factors implicated 77 in the development of overweight, obesity, and metabolic health problems [5]. 78 The importance of adequate sleep for health and daily functioning in adolescents is well 79 established [...

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“…Students provided the educational attainment of both mother and father from the following options (presented in Icelandic): 1 = "elementary degree", 2 = "secondary degree", 3 = "trade school degree", 4 = "university degree", 5 = "other", 6 = "do not know", 7 = "do not want to answer". For the current analysis, responses were recoded into a binary variable: 1 = "parent with a university degree" or 0 = "no parent with a university degree", as described previously [37]. Information on day length (hours of day light) was obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory Solar Calculator [38].…”

Section: Survey Questions and Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

et al. 2020

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Background Sleep and physical activity are modifiable behaviors that play an important role in preventing overweight, obesity, and metabolic health problems. Studies of the association between concurrent objective measures of sleep, physical activity, and metabolic risk factors among adolescents are limited. Objective The aim of the study was to examine the association between metabolic risk factors and objectively measured school day physical activity and sleep duration, quality, onset, and variability in adolescents. Materials and methods We measured one school week of free-living sleep and physical activity with wrist actigraphy in 252 adolescents (146 girls), aged 15.8±0.3 years. Metabolic risk factors included body mass index, waist circumference, total body and trunk fat percentage, resting blood pressure, and fasting glucose and insulin levels. Multiple linear regression adjusted for sex, parental education, and day length was used to assess associations between metabolic risk factors and sleep and activity parameters. Results On average, participants went to bed at 00:22±0.88 hours and slept 6.2±0.7 hours/night, with 0.83±0.36 hours of awakenings/night. However, night-tonight variability in sleep duration was considerable (mean ± interquartile range) 0.75±0.55 hours) and bedtime (0.64 ±0.53 hours) respectively. Neither average sleep duration nor mean bedtime was associated with any metabolic risk factors. However, greater night-tonight variability in sleep

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Less screen time and more frequent vigorous physical activity is associated with lower risk of reporting negative mental health symptoms among Icelandic adolescents

Cited by 94 publications

References 57 publications

Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

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