Less screen time and more physical activity is associated with more stable sleep patterns among Icelandic adolescents

Hrafnkelsdóttir, Soffia M.; Brychta, Robert J.; Rögnvaldsdóttir, Vaka; Chen, Kong Y.; Jóhannsson, Erlingur; Guðmundsdóttir, Sigríður Lára; Arngrímsson, Sigurbjörn Á.

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.005

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These activities can take up more than 14 hours a day 3 . Increasing the time spent viewing television sets, computers, mobile phones, and various types of portable digital screens can damage adolescents' health, causing, for example, poor quality of sleep 10,11,12,13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of digital screens by adolescents and association on sleep quality: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to analyze the influence of digital screen use on adolescents’ quality of sleep. This systematic review was recorded on PROSPERO (CRD42020203403) and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies covering adolescents from 10 to 19 years were included without language or publication restrictions which answered the following guiding question: “Does the use of digital screen influence adolescents’ quality sleep?”. Article search included the following databases: (MEDLINE/PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, IBECS, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Open Gray. The following descriptors were used: “Sleep Quality”, “Screen Time”, and “Adolescent”. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the methodological quality of the cohort studies, and a modified NOS was used to assess the cross-sectional ones. In total, 2,268 articles were retrieved, of which 2,059 were selected for title and abstract reading, after duplicates were deleted. After this stage, 47 articles were selected for full reading, resulting in the 23 articles which compose this review. Excessive use of digital screens was associated with worse and shorter sleep, showing, as its main consequences, night awakenings, long sleep latency, and daytime sleepiness. The use of mobile phones before bedtime was associated with poor quality of sleep among adolescents. Our evaluation of the methodological quality of the chosen studies found seven to be poor and 16, moderate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of digital screens by adolescents and association on sleep quality: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…The total rest time, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and WASO were computed for each night of sleep. Weekly averages of all sleep parameters and the weekly variability of rest and sleep duration were computed and used in regression analyses for participants with valid data on ≥ 3 weeknights (Sunday-Thursday) and ≥ 1 weekend night (Friday, Saturday, and nights prior to school holidays), based on guidelines presented in a recent systematic review of standards for accelerometer data collection 62 and in concordance with the criteria used in our previous analyses 23 , 25 , 63 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between free-living sleep and memory and attention in healthy adolescents

Stefansdottir

Gundersen

Rögnvaldsdóttir

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In laboratory studies, imposed sleep restriction consistently reduces cognitive performance. However, the association between objectively measured, free-living sleep and cognitive function has not been studied in older adolescents. To address this gap, we measured one week of sleep with a wrist-worn GT3X+ actigraph in 160 adolescents (96 girls, 17.7 ± 0.3 years) followed by assessment of working memory with an n-back task and visual attention with a Posner cue-target task. Over the week, participants spent 7.1 ± 0.8 h/night in bed and slept 6.2 ± 0.8 h/night with 88.5 ± 4.8% efficiency and considerable intra-participant night-to-night variation, with a standard deviation in sleep duration of 1.2 ± 0.7 h. Sleep measures the night before cognitive testing were similar to weekly averages. Time in bed the night before cognitive testing was negatively associated with response times during the most challenging memory task (3-back; p = 0.005). However, sleep measures the night before did not correlate with performance on the attention task and weekly sleep parameters were not associated with either cognitive task. Our data suggests shorter acute free-living sleep may negatively impact difficult memory tasks, however the relationship between free-living sleep and cognitive task performance in healthy adolescents is less clear than that of laboratory findings, perhaps due to high night-to-night sleep variation.

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“…125,127 A modern problem, which remains to be fully explored, is the effect of blue light or 'screen time' on the production of endogenous melatonin in the body. 142,143 There is evidence that melatonin production decreases with age. 144 In many countries including the United States and Canada, it is categorised as a dietary supplement and is sold over-the-counter.…”

Section: Deficiency and Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

'Bone Broth is So Last Year - I Vape my Vitamins now' - The vaporisation of bioactive molecules in e-cigarette devices.

Dooley¹

2022

Preprint

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The use of electronic cigarettes as alternative nicotine delivery devices has seen a dramatic increase in recent years. Regulations (TGO110) have been introduced in an attempt to set out minimum safety and quality requirements for nicotine vaping products. These regulations provide restrictions not only pertaining to the nicotine content but also prohibiting the use of certain flavourings and the addition of any bioactive molecules other than nicotine to these products. However, these regulations do not apply to any e-liquids that do not contain nicotine including nicotine-free vitamin vaping products. The content of 32 samples from five different brands of nicotine-free disposable vaporisers claiming to contain vitamins and other bioactive molecules were examined as part of this study. There was no evidence in the literature of vitamins ever being quantified within this e-liquid matrix. As part of this project a new LC-MS method for the quantification of bioactive molecules in vaporiser e-liquids was developed and validated. Of the 9 targeted bioactive molecules (water soluble vitamins, caffeine and melatonin), very few were able to be quantified or even detected within these e-liquid samples, while some samples contained bioactives in quantifiable concentrations which were not listed in the ingredients. A concurrent degradation study was carried out to monitor the behaviour of targeted bioactive molecules in different mixtures of carrier fluids, which found that many, but especially vitamin B12, were unstable over time and were prone to degradation. To collect additional content information, GC-MS analysis was also carried out on the purchased samples. Tentative content analysis was carried out by library matching to an in house library created from purchased standards of common flavouring molecules and previously synthesised acetals and to a commercially available database (NIST17). GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin as carrier fluids in all samples. In addition, artificial flavouring molecules, synthetic cooling agents (WS-23) and adduct formation were also observed in a wide range of samples. The findings of this study indicate that the claims made by these companies are demonstrably false and that further investigation is needed into the contents of these vaporisers and their potential toxicity, especially given their lack of regulation.

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Less screen time and more physical activity is associated with more stable sleep patterns among Icelandic adolescents

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Use of digital screens by adolescents and association on sleep quality: a systematic review

Use of digital screens by adolescents and association on sleep quality: a systematic review

Association between free-living sleep and memory and attention in healthy adolescents

'Bone Broth is So Last Year - I Vape my Vitamins now' - The vaporisation of bioactive molecules in e-cigarette devices.

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