Lessons and Legacies of the Blockade of Qatar

The Incentives and Efforts for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in a Resource-Based Economy: A Survey on Perspective of Qatari Residents

“…The country is the largest LNG exporter in the world; it also sends a sizeable amount of crude oil, petrochemicals, and related products overseas [14]. Nonetheless, the expected challenges to all hydrocarbon products and sectors are being well noticed by all the stakeholders in the country, with the government striving to lessen its dependence on hydrocarbon revenues significantly [92]. The economic vision 2030 laid out by the government explicitly accepts the challenges discussed in this paper and points to innovation and entrepreneurship across numerous sectors as the ultimate panacea and goal [38].…”

“…Expansion of LNG production, compression, and transportation to overseas customers had been initiated recently by Qatar Petroleum (QP) with an aim to retain the country's number one status in terms of global LNG exports in the 2020s [61]. The country is almost ready for the World Cup 2022, as most of the work regarding the infrastructure of the tournament, such as stadiums, hotels, and supporting facilities, completed ahead of schedule [92]. The country is poised to host numerous high-profile international sports events other than the World Cup 2022, which will further cement its status as a global hub.…”

“…The long political differences among the GCC states of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE versus Qatar ultimately resulted in the Gulf Crisis of 2017, where the former three, along with Egypt, ceased any economic or political relationship with Qatar [92]. These four countries imposed a sea, air, and land closure of Qatar, which significantly restricted traffic of the country's airline (Qatar Airways) and sizeable import restrictions (goods, machinery, raw material), especially from Saudi Arabi and the UAE.…”

“…These four countries imposed a sea, air, and land closure of Qatar, which significantly restricted traffic of the country's airline (Qatar Airways) and sizeable import restrictions (goods, machinery, raw material), especially from Saudi Arabi and the UAE. Qatar responded to these closures in a systematic way, from establishing new trade routes to the rapid ramping-up of domestic production in numerous areas [14,62,92]. This paper and the survey omit the analysis of the effects of the Gulf Crisis in terms of spurring domestic and foreign entrepreneurial activities of both the state and the private sector.…”

A Rentier State under Blockade: Qatar’s Water-Energy-Food Predicament from Energy Abundance and Food Insecurity to a Silent Water Crisis

“…Especially given the relevant role of the broader political context, namely the geopolitical blockade to Qatar from its neighboring countries, issues of water, energy, and food security needs to account for the broader political context and should not be studied merely from a technical and an engineering perspective [10,11]. Research on the impacts of the blockade on Qatar have been recently conducted, but with a focus on geopolitical, energy trade, economic and security considerations [12][13][14], while its impacts on water and energy security has been overlooked. The originality of this article is its multi-sectorial analysis and consideration of the broader political context to understand the causes of the problem.…”