Lessons for COVID-19 Immunity from Other Coronavirus Infections

Sariol, Alan; Perlman, Stanley

doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.005

Cited by 324 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 228 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody from B cell of 34-day mice serum sera is not yet analyzed. However, the high rate of neutralizing antibodies detected in control mice in this study suggests that the mice may have previously had a viral infection similar to the coronavirus family (eg mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)) related to SARS-CoV-2 (Hasöksüz, Kiliç, & Saraç, 2020;Perlman, 2020). To test this, we collected gaita from 5 mice to determine MHV copy using qRT-PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical efficacy and safety analysis of gamma-irradiated inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

Karakuş

Taştan

Kançağı

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created an unprecedented health crisis since there is no coronavirus vaccine in the market due to the novelty of this virus. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have become very important to reduce morbidity and mortality. At this point, inactivated vaccines are important because the straightforward process of existing infrastructure used for several licensed human vaccines can be used for SARS-CoV-2. Inactive vaccines provide an antigenic presentation similar to that when they encounter invasive virus particles of the immune system. In this study, in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy analyzes of lyophilized vaccine candidates inactivated by gamma-irradiation were performed. Our candidate OZG-3861 version 1 (V1) is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine, and SK-01 version 1 (V1) is the GM-CSF adjuvant added vaccine candidate. We applied the candidates intradermal to BALB/c mice to assess the toxicity and immunogenicity of the OZG-3861 V1 and SK-01 V1. Here, we report our preliminary results in vaccinated mice. When considered in terms of T and B cell responses, it was observed that especially the vaccine models containing GM-CSF as an adjuvant caused significant antibody production with neutralization capacity in absence of the antibody-dependent enhancement feature. Another finding showed that the presence of adjuvant is more important in T cell response rather than B cell. The vaccinated mice showed T cell response upon restimulation with whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or peptide pool. This study encouraged us to start the challenge test using infective SARS-CoV-2 viruses and our second version of gamma-irradiated inactivated vaccine candidates in humanized ACE2+ mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical efficacy and safety analysis of gamma-irradiated inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

Karakuş

Taştan

Kançağı

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Coronavirus cross-reactive antibodies may contribute to a low transmission rate and reduced severity of disease associated with SARS-COV-2 through cross-neutralization and rapid clearance. 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different?

Bamgboye¹,

Omiye²,

Afolaranmi³

et al. 2021

Journal of the National Medical Association

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COVID-19 has now spread to all the continents of the world with the possible exception of Antarctica. However, Africa appears different when compared with all the other continents. The absence of exponential growth and the low mortality rates contrary to that experienced in other continents, and contrary to the projections for Africa by various agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) has been a puzzle to many. Although Africa is the second most populous continent with an estimated 17.2% of the world's population, the continent accounts for only 5% of the total cases and 3% of the mortality. Mortality for the whole of Africa remains at a reported 19,726 as at August 01, 2020. The onset of the pandemic was later, the rate of rise has been slower and the severity of illness and case fatality rates have been lower in comparison to other continents. In addition, contrary to what had been documented in other continents, the occurrence of the renal complications in these patients also appeared to be much lower. This report documents the striking differences between the continents and within the continent of Africa itself and then attempts to explain the reasons for these differences. It is hoped that information presented in this review will help policymakers in the fight to contain the pandemic, particularly within Africa with its resource-constrained health care systems.

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“…While SARS‐CoV‐2 is a new virus and, therefore, the exact correlates of protection are not completely defined, there are precedents from other respiratory infections in general and coronaviruses in particular [10]. There has been discussion that natural immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 declines quickly; whether this is the case is still unclear.…”

Section: Immune Response To Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for COVID-19

Tregoning

Brown

Cheeseman

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

221

204

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The spread of the virus SARS‐CoV‐2, the cause of COVID‐19 has triggered a tidal wave of vaccine development. In the first 9 months since the virus emerged over 200 vaccines have begun pre‐clinical development, 36 of which have entered clinical trials. This review will cover the platforms under assessment, the immune responses underpinning the vaccines, the results so far and the considerations for the next steps.

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Lessons for COVID-19 Immunity from Other Coronavirus Infections

Cited by 324 publications

References 228 publications

Preclinical efficacy and safety analysis of gamma-irradiated inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

Preclinical efficacy and safety analysis of gamma-irradiated inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different?

Vaccines for COVID-19

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